Chapter 5

Question 1

Positioned near the middle of the body

Answer 1

Medial

Question 2

Positioned on the same side of the body

Answer 2

Ipsilateral

Question 3

What is the position of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during running movements?

Answer 3

A slight forward lean with neutral spine

Question 4

The position with the body erect with the arms at the side and the palms forward

Answer 4

The anatomic position

Question 5

Positioned above a point of reference

Answer 5

Superior

Question 6

Positioned below a point of reference

Answer 6

Inferior

Question 7

Positioned on the back of the body

Answer 7

Posterior

Question 8

Positioned on the front of the body

Answer 8

Anterior

Question 9

Positioned nearest the center of the body or point of reference

Answer 9

Proximal

Question 10

Positioned farthest from the center of the body or point of reference

Answer 10

Distal

Question 11

Positioned toward the outside of the body

Answer 11

Lateral

Question 12

Positioned near the middle of the body

Answer 12

Medial

Question 13

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

Answer 13

Contralateral

Question 14

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into right and left halves

Answer 14

Sagittal plane

Question 15

What movements can only occur side to side, as if there were a wall in front and behind the body?

Answer 15

Frontal plane movements

Question 16

What movements occur in the transverse plane of motion?

Answer 16

Rotations

Question 17

What movements primarily occur in the frontal plane of motion?

Answer 17

Abduction/adduction; lateral flexion; eversion/inversion

Question 18

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

Answer 18

Flexion

Question 19

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the bodyS

Answer 19

Abduction

Question 20

In which plane of motion do forward and backward movement, including flexion and extension, occur?

Answer 20

Sagittal

Question 21

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

Answer 21

Transverse plane

Question 22

What are four movements occurring in the transverse plane of motion?

Answer 22

Trunk rotation, throwing, golfing, swinging a bat

Question 23

Movement in a plane occurs about an axis running perpendicular to the plane

Answer 23

Joint motion

Question 24

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

Answer 24

Extension

Question 25

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

Answer 25

Adduction

Question 26

When a muscle is exerting more force than being placed on it, resulting in the shortening of the muscle

Answer 26

Concentric

Question 27

Moving in the same direction of force, resulting in the lengthening of a muscle

Answer 27

Eccentric

Question 28

The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover

Answer 28

Synergistic dominance

Question 29

Which muscle concentrically accelerates dorsiflexion and inversion?

Answer 29

Anterior tibialis

Question 30

Which muscle concentrically accelerates hip extension and external rotation?

Answer 30

Gluteus maximus

Question 31

Which muscle concentrically accelerates hip flexion, abductions, and internal rotation?

Answer 31

Tensor fascia latae

Question 32

Which muscle concentrically accelerates spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation?

Answer 32

Rectus abdominus

Question 33

Which muscle concentrically accelerates scapular retraction?

Answer 33

Middle trapezius

Question 34

Which muscle eccentrically decelerates shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation?

Answer 34

Latissimus dorsi

Question 35

In order, which muscles are the agonist, synergist, and antagonist during hip extension?

Answer 35

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings, psoas

Question 36

Which muscles are the synergists used in a shoulder press?

Answer 36

Deltoid, rotator cuff, trapezius

Question 37

Which muscle concentrically accelerates knee extension and hip flexion?

Answer 37

Rectus femoris

Question 38

Which muscle concentrically accelerates shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation?

Answer 38

Pectoralis major

Question 39

When contractile force is equal to the resistance and no movement occurs

Answer 39

Isometric

Question 40

The resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that resting length

Answer 40

Length-tension relationships

Question 41

If one component of the human movement system is dysfunctional, it can impact other components throughout the body leading to what?

Answer 41

Decreased performance and possible injury

Question 42

The ability of muscles to produce force with increasing velocity

Answer 42

Force-velocity curve

Question 43

Which 2 muscles eccentrically decelerate ankle dorsiflexion?

Answer 43

Soleus and gastrocnemius

Question 44

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force _____.

Answer 44

Decreases

Question 45

As the velocity of an eccentric muscle action increases, the ability to develop force _____.

Answer 45

Increases

Question 46

The synergistic action of muscles to produce movement around a joint

Answer 46

Force-couple

Question 47

The study that uses principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body

Answer 47

Biomechanics

Question 48

What are the 3 systems of the kinetic chain (aka human movement system)?

Answer 48

Nervous, muscular, and skeletal system

Question 49

What is comprised of bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments?

Answer 49

Musculoskeletal system

Question 50

What 3 things are necessary to establish neuromuscular efficiency?

Answer 50

Proper length tension relationships; proper force-couples; proper arthrokinematics

Question 51

A rigid bar that pivots about a stationary fulcrum

Answer 51

Lever

Question 52

Bending the neck is an example of what type of lever?

Answer 52

1st class - fulcrum is between resistance and effort

Question 53

Performing a calf raise is an example of what type of lever?

Answer 53

2nd class - resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort

Question 54

Performing a biceps curl is an example of what type of lever?

Answer 54

3rd class - effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum

Question 55

What type of lever are most limbs in the body?

Answer 55

3rd class

Question 56

The study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences

Answer 56

Motor control

Question 57

Repeated practice of motor control processes, which lead to a relatively permanent change in the ability to produce complex movements

Answer 57

Motor learning

Question 58

The HMS response to internal and external environmental stimuli

Answer 58

Motor behavior

Question 59

How motor skill changes over time

Answer 59

Motor development

Question 60

Data the CNS receives from sensory receptors, such as the body's position in space, limb orientation, and information about the environment

Answer 60

Sensory information

Question 61

Muscles recruited by the CNS to work as a group to accomplish a required movement

Answer 61

Muscle synergies

Question 62

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements

Answer 62

Proprioception

Question 63

The ability of the CNS to gather and interpret sensory information to execute the proper motor response

Answer 63

Sensorimotor integration