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NASM CPT > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Positioned near the middle of the body

A

Medial

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2
Q

Positioned on the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

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3
Q

What is the position of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during running movements?

A

A slight forward lean with neutral spine

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4
Q

The position with the body erect with the arms at the side and the palms forward

A

The anatomic position

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5
Q

Positioned above a point of reference

A

Superior

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6
Q

Positioned below a point of reference

A

Inferior

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7
Q

Positioned on the back of the body

A

Posterior

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8
Q

Positioned on the front of the body

A

Anterior

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9
Q

Positioned nearest the center of the body or point of reference

A

Proximal

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10
Q

Positioned farthest from the center of the body or point of reference

A

Distal

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11
Q

Positioned toward the outside of the body

A

Lateral

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12
Q

Positioned near the middle of the body

A

Medial

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13
Q

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

A

Contralateral

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14
Q

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into right and left halves

A

Sagittal plane

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15
Q

What movements can only occur side to side, as if there were a wall in front and behind the body?

A

Frontal plane movements

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16
Q

What movements occur in the transverse plane of motion?

A

Rotations

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17
Q

What movements primarily occur in the frontal plane of motion?

A

Abduction/adduction; lateral flexion; eversion/inversion

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18
Q

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

A

Flexion

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19
Q

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the bodyS

A

Abduction

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20
Q

In which plane of motion do forward and backward movement, including flexion and extension, occur?

A

Sagittal

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21
Q

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

A

Transverse plane

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22
Q

What are four movements occurring in the transverse plane of motion?

A

Trunk rotation, throwing, golfing, swinging a bat

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23
Q

Movement in a plane occurs about an axis running perpendicular to the plane

A

Joint motion

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24
Q

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

A

Extension

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25
Q

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

A

Adduction

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26
Q

When a muscle is exerting more force than being placed on it, resulting in the shortening of the muscle

A

Concentric

27
Q

Moving in the same direction of force, resulting in the lengthening of a muscle

A

Eccentric

28
Q

The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover

A

Synergistic dominance

29
Q

Which muscle concentrically accelerates dorsiflexion and inversion?

A

Anterior tibialis

30
Q

Which muscle concentrically accelerates hip extension and external rotation?

A

Gluteus maximus

31
Q

Which muscle concentrically accelerates hip flexion, abductions, and internal rotation?

A

Tensor fascia latae

32
Q

Which muscle concentrically accelerates spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation?

A

Rectus abdominus

33
Q

Which muscle concentrically accelerates scapular retraction?

A

Middle trapezius

34
Q

Which muscle eccentrically decelerates shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation?

A

Latissimus dorsi

35
Q

In order, which muscles are the agonist, synergist, and antagonist during hip extension?

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings, psoas

36
Q

Which muscles are the synergists used in a shoulder press?

A

Deltoid, rotator cuff, trapezius

37
Q

Which muscle concentrically accelerates knee extension and hip flexion?

A

Rectus femoris

38
Q

Which muscle concentrically accelerates shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation?

A

Pectoralis major

39
Q

When contractile force is equal to the resistance and no movement occurs

A

Isometric

40
Q

The resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that resting length

A

Length-tension relationships

41
Q

If one component of the human movement system is dysfunctional, it can impact other components throughout the body leading to what?

A

Decreased performance and possible injury

42
Q

The ability of muscles to produce force with increasing velocity

A

Force-velocity curve

43
Q

Which 2 muscles eccentrically decelerate ankle dorsiflexion?

A

Soleus and gastrocnemius

44
Q

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force _____.

A

Decreases

45
Q

As the velocity of an eccentric muscle action increases, the ability to develop force _____.

A

Increases

46
Q

The synergistic action of muscles to produce movement around a joint

A

Force-couple

47
Q

The study that uses principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body

A

Biomechanics

48
Q

What are the 3 systems of the kinetic chain (aka human movement system)?

A

Nervous, muscular, and skeletal system

49
Q

What is comprised of bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments?

A

Musculoskeletal system

50
Q

What 3 things are necessary to establish neuromuscular efficiency?

A

Proper length tension relationships; proper force-couples; proper arthrokinematics

51
Q

A rigid bar that pivots about a stationary fulcrum

A

Lever

52
Q

Bending the neck is an example of what type of lever?

A

1st class - fulcrum is between resistance and effort

53
Q

Performing a calf raise is an example of what type of lever?

A

2nd class - resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort

54
Q

Performing a biceps curl is an example of what type of lever?

A

3rd class - effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum

55
Q

What type of lever are most limbs in the body?

A

3rd class

56
Q

The study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences

A

Motor control

57
Q

Repeated practice of motor control processes, which lead to a relatively permanent change in the ability to produce complex movements

A

Motor learning

58
Q

The HMS response to internal and external environmental stimuli

A

Motor behavior

59
Q

How motor skill changes over time

A

Motor development

60
Q

Data the CNS receives from sensory receptors, such as the body’s position in space, limb orientation, and information about the environment

A

Sensory information

61
Q

Muscles recruited by the CNS to work as a group to accomplish a required movement

A

Muscle synergies

62
Q

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements

A

Proprioception

63
Q

The ability of the CNS to gather and interpret sensory information to execute the proper motor response

A

Sensorimotor integration

NASM CPT (7 decks)

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