Chapter 3 Flashcards
A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
A system of the body composed of the lungs and respiratory passageways that collects oxygen from the external environmental and transports it to the blood stream
Respiratory system
What is the main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle is involuntary and cannot be consciously controlled
Referred to as the pacemaker of the heart; responsible for rhythmic contraction of the myocardial cells
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Structure of the heart that delays the contraction impulse before sending it to the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
Right atrium
Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
Receives oxygenated blood from the lung
Left atrium
Sends oxygenated blood to the body
Left ventricle
Smaller, superiorly located chambers that gather blood returning to the heart
Atria
Larger, inferiorly located chambers that pump blood out of the heart
Ventricles
What separates the chambers of the heart and major arteries and veins & prevents backflow?
Valves
Amount of blood pumped with each contraction
Stroke volume
What is the average resting heart rate for an untrained adult?
70-80 BPM
Cells suspended in plasma containing glucose, hormones, and clotting agents
Blood
What are the 3 types of blood cells?
Red blood cells (oxygen), white blood cells (immune system), platelets (clotting)
What are 3 functions of blood?
Transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products; regulates body temperature, pH, and cellular water content; protects against blood loss by clotting, and fights foreign pathogens and toxins
Closed circuit of hollow tubes that transport blood to and from the heart
Blood vessels
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Arteries (carries blood away from the heart), capillaries (exchange sites of water and chemicals in tissues), and veins (carries blood back to the heart)
What is the resting heart rate of an average adult?
70 - 80 bpm
The rate at which the heart beats
Heart rate (pulse)
The airway, lungs, and respiratory muscles that work together to move oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out
Respiratory (pulmonary) system
What are the 2 phases of breathing?
Inspiration (in) and expiration (out)
Active contraction of muscles to increase thoracic cavity volume; thus, decreasing interpulmonary pressure and drawing air into the lungs
Inspiratory ventilation
Active or passive contraction of muscles, causing inspiratory muscles to relax and air to move out of the body
Expiratory ventilation
What are the primary respiratory muscles used during light breathing?
Diaphragm, external intercostals
What are the secondary respiratory muscles used for heavy breathing?
Scalenes, pectoralis minor
Location where gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide travel in and out of the blood stream
Alveoli
What is the typical resting oxygen consumption for healthy adults - aka, 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)?
3.5 mL per kg of bodyweight per minute
The best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness: the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization during maximal effort exercise
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
What is a way to predict VO2max without expensive lab equipment?
Submaximal exercise tests, such as the Rockport walk test and step test
What are the consequences of poor breathing patterns?
Headaches, increased anxiety, fatigue, poor sleep, poor circulation
