Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is the chief source of energy for all body functions and muscular exertion?
Carbohydrates
Law stating weight reduction can only take place when there is more energy being burned than is being consumed
Law of Thermodynamics
Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Primary end product after the digestion of carbohydrates
Glucose
The storage form of carbohydrates in muscle tissue and the liver
Glycogen
If unused, carbohydrates are stored in bodily fat cells and converted to what?
Fat
What is rarely used for energy during exercise and is a source of fuel during starvation?
Protein
Process during a negative energy balance that uses amino acids in energy production
Gluconeogenesis
Process by which a phosphate molecule is added to ADP to make ATP
Phosphorylation
By which 3 pathways can cells generate ATP?
APT-PC, glycolysis, oxidative
Simplest and fastest pathway to ATP using a phosphocreatine molecule, primarily used during high-intensity, short-duration activity such as power lifting
ATP-PC system
Processes that do not require the use of oxygen
Anaerobic
Processes of energy that require the use of oxygen
Aerobic
The anaerobic chemical breakdown of glucose for energy
Glycolysis
What is the most efficient, but slowest and most complex pathway to energy where ATP is created in the presence of oxygen?
Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic glycolysis + Krebs cycle + electron transport chain)
In which process is pyruvic acid converted into acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen?
Aerobic glycolysis
In which process is acetyl CoA is broken down producing 2 ATP, CO2, and hydrogen as byproducts?
Krebs cycle
During which process do hydrogen ions from the Krebs cycle combine with other ions for the phosphorylation of ADP, creating 1 additional ATP?
Electron transport chain
Conversion of free fatty acids to acetyl CoA for use in the Krebs cycle
beta-oxidation
What are 2 factors that determine energy use during exercise?
Intensity and duration
Energy system used during the onset of activity and primarily maintained during the first 30 seconds of activity
ATP-PC
Energy system without oxygen used primarily for the first 30 to 50 seconds of activity, dropping off around 3 minutes
Glycolysis
Primary energy system for activities that last longer than several minutes
Aerobic metabolism
The state where there is an elevation of the body’s metabolism after exercise
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
