Chapter 4

Question 1

What is the chief source of energy for all body functions and muscular exertion?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Law stating weight reduction can only take place when there is more energy being burned than is being consumed

Answer 2

Law of Thermodynamics

Question 3

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body

Answer 3

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 4

Primary end product after the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

The storage form of carbohydrates in muscle tissue and the liver

Answer 5

Glycogen

Question 6

If unused, carbohydrates are stored in bodily fat cells and converted to what?

Answer 6

Fat

Question 7

What is rarely used for energy during exercise and is a source of fuel during starvation?

Answer 7

Protein

Question 8

Process during a negative energy balance that uses amino acids in energy production

Answer 8

Gluconeogenesis

Question 9

Process by which a phosphate molecule is added to ADP to make ATP

Answer 9

Phosphorylation

Question 10

By which 3 pathways can cells generate ATP?

Answer 10

APT-PC, glycolysis, oxidative

Question 11

Simplest and fastest pathway to ATP using a phosphocreatine molecule, primarily used during high-intensity, short-duration activity such as power lifting

Answer 11

ATP-PC system

Question 12

Processes that do not require the use of oxygen

Answer 12

Anaerobic

Question 13

Processes of energy that require the use of oxygen

Answer 13

Aerobic

Question 14

The anaerobic chemical breakdown of glucose for energy

Answer 14

Glycolysis

Question 15

What is the most efficient, but slowest and most complex pathway to energy where ATP is created in the presence of oxygen?

Answer 15

Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic glycolysis + Krebs cycle + electron transport chain)

Question 16

In which process is pyruvic acid converted into acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen?

Answer 16

Aerobic glycolysis

Question 17

In which process is acetyl CoA is broken down producing 2 ATP, CO2, and hydrogen as byproducts?

Answer 17

Krebs cycle

Question 18

During which process do hydrogen ions from the Krebs cycle combine with other ions for the phosphorylation of ADP, creating 1 additional ATP?

Answer 18

Electron transport chain

Question 19

Conversion of free fatty acids to acetyl CoA for use in the Krebs cycle

Answer 19

beta-oxidation

Question 20

What are 2 factors that determine energy use during exercise?

Answer 20

Intensity and duration

Question 21

Energy system used during the onset of activity and primarily maintained during the first 30 seconds of activity

Answer 21

ATP-PC

Question 22

Energy system without oxygen used primarily for the first 30 to 50 seconds of activity, dropping off around 3 minutes

Answer 22

Glycolysis

Question 23

Primary energy system for activities that last longer than several minutes

Answer 23

Aerobic metabolism

Question 24

The state where there is an elevation of the body’s metabolism after exercise

Answer 24

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Question 25

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) when only fats are used as fuel, only occurs during sleep?

Answer 25

0.7

Question 26

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) when only carbohydrates are used as a fuel source?

Answer 26

1