Chapter 5

Question 1

hearing

Answer 1

The process by which sounds are transmitted from the environment to our brains

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

Sensory translations of environmental signals

Question 3

pinna

Answer 3

the external ear

Question 4

external auditory meatus

Answer 4

the auditory canal which is approximately one inch in length and terminates at the eardrum

Question 5

To gather sound from the environment and focus these sound waves toward the eardrum is the primary function of:

Answer 5

the outer ear

Question 6

Four primary functions of outer ear

Answer 6

protect middle/inner ear, boosts high-frequency sounds, helps determine elevation of sound source, helps determine if sound source is in front/behind the listener

Question 7

How does the pinna help locate sound sources?

Answer 7

introduces minute differences in the arrival time of sounds

Question 8

stereophonic hearing

Answer 8

that portion of the hearing process which deals with the location of sounds in space by the use of our ears

Question 9

the external auditory meatus acts like a/an (open/stopped) pipe

Answer 9

stopped

Question 10

functions of external auditory meatus

Answer 10

pressure variations move tympanic membrane in/out, keep temperature and humidity relatively constant in canal, prevent membrane from drying out

Question 11

what is cerumen and what is its function?

Answer 11

earwax; keeps dirt and dust out

Question 12

ossicles

Answer 12

three small bones, each about the size of a grain of rice, which, through lever action, transmit and increase sound pressure as it travels through the middle ear

Question 13

the ossicles transmit energy from the ________ ________ to the ____ ______

Answer 13

tympanic membrane; oval window

Question 14

oval window

Answer 14

membrane between the footplate of the stapes of the middle ear and the scale vestibuli of the inner ear

Question 15

three bones of the ossicles (Latin & English)

Answer 15

malleus, incus, stapes; hammer, anvil, stirrup

Question 16

How do the ossicles protect the inner ear from LOUD NOISES?

Answer 16

move sideways as well as to-and-fro to accommodate extra energy; two small muscles attached to the ossicles also react semi-involuntarily to LOUD NOISES and stiffen the ossicular chain

Question 17

eustacian tube

Answer 17

tube between the throat and middle ear which keeps air pressure inside the middle ear equalized with that outside

Question 18

the major components of the inner ear are the _______, _________, and the ____________ ______

Answer 18

cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

Question 19

cochlea

Answer 19

the organ of hearing in the inner ear

Question 20

vestibule

Answer 20

the area in the base of the cochlea which translates between the semicircular canals and the cochlea

Question 21

semicircular canals

Answer 21

give feedback on one’s balance

Question 22

tympanic membrane

Answer 22

eardrum

Question 23

How many semicircular canals are there?

Answer 23

Three (one for each dimension)

Question 24

bone conduction

Answer 24

sounds that are heard through the direct conduction of vibrations through the bones in the head

Question 25

The cochlea is coiled approx. how many times? Why?

Answer 25

2 3/4; save space

Question 26

function of cochlea

Answer 26

transducer; converts mechanical energy into electrochemical signals

Question 27

perilymph

Answer 27

fluid in the scala vestibuli, helicotrema and scala tympani of the cochlea

Question 28

apical end

Answer 28

In the cochlea, the small end in the center of the coil. The opposite end from the cochlear base

Question 29

round window

Answer 29

membrane separating the middle ear cavity from the scala tympani of the inner ear

Question 30

The round window is (in/out of) phase with the oval window

Answer 30

out of

Question 31

scala vestibuli is the _____ level of the cochlea bordered by the ____ window at its inception, the ___________ at the apex, the cochlear wall, and _________ membrane

Answer 31

upper; oval; helicotrema; Reissner’s

Question 32

helicotrema

Answer 32

narrow opening at the apical end of the cochlea joining the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani

Question 33

scala tympani is the _____ level of the cochlea bordered by the ___________ at the apical end, the _____ window at the base, the cochlear wall and _______ membrane

Answer 33

lower; helicotrema; round; basilar

Question 34

cochlear duct is a tube within a tube lying between scalar vestibuli and scala tympani. It’s filled with a fluid called _________ and houses the Organ of _____. Along its lower wall is the _______ membrane; it’s upper wall is _________ membrane.

Answer 34

endolymph; Corti; basilar; Reissner’s

Question 35

Organ of Corti contains about 23,500 ____ _____ and is supported by the _______ membrane which, when deformed by pressure, stimulates the ____ _____ to trigger nerve impulses

Answer 35

hair cells; basilar; hair cells

Question 36

cilia

Answer 36

microscopic hairs of the hair cells extending through the reticular membrane

Question 37

(T/F) reticular membrane allows cilia to extend through it

Answer 37

true

Question 38

when the cilia are deformed by being compressed against the _________ membrane, the hair cells stimulate the auditory nerve to fire

Answer 38

tectorial

Question 39

The apical end of the basilar membrane is most displaced by ___ frequencies while the basal end is most displaced by ____ frequencies

Answer 39

Low, high

Question 40

The prevailing theory of how auditory signals are coded is called

Answer 40

Place Theory