Chapter 3

Question 1

Stringed instruments

Answer 1

Instruments whose sound source is a stretched vibrating string over a resonating body containing an air chamber

Question 2

Wind instruments

Answer 2

Instruments whose sound source is either an edge tone or a reed mechanism to resonate a column of air

Question 3

Edge tones

Answer 3

Vibration caused by eddies of air which are produced by a stream of air blown across the edge of a plate

Question 4

Percussion instruments

Answer 4

Instruments having as a sound source either a vibrating membrane or vibrating solid bodies

Question 5

Three ways in which strings may be caused to vibrate

Answer 5

bowing, plucking, striking

Question 6

Torsional vibration

Answer 6

To-and-fro movement in two dimensions with a twisting direction motion of the vibrating body in the third dimension

Question 7

Two subgroups of string instruments

Answer 7

length of strings changed by player’s fingers, strings of a fixed length

Question 8

Artificial harmonics

Answer 8

Tones produced on stringed instruments by lightly touching a point along the string’s length as it is bowed where a node exists

Question 9

Damping

Answer 9

Suppressed vibration due to physical restraint/interference

Question 10

Frets

Answer 10

Metal inlays in the fingerboard of some stringed instruments

Question 11

Reeds

Answer 11

Any objects/pair of objects which when vibrated at the closed end of a pipe, sets the air in the pipe into vibration

Question 12

Two subgroups of wind instruments

Answer 12

open pipes and stopped pipes

Question 13

(T/F) Stopped pipes depend on edge tones for their sound source

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Edge tones are inherently (low/high) intensity and (low/high) frequencies

Answer 14

low, high

Question 15

Bore

Answer 15

Inside shape/dimensions of a wind instrument

Question 16

Fundamental frequency of an open pipe is _____ as long as the pipe itself

Answer 16

twice

Question 17

The frequency of a standing wave inside an open pipe depends on:

Answer 17

air speed and dimensions of pipe

Question 18

Fundamental frequency of a stopped pipe is _____ as long as the pipe itself

Answer 18

4x

Question 19

Even numbered harmonics are only possible on an (open/stopped) pipe

Answer 19

Open

Question 20

A stopped pipe will behave like an open pipe if it is:

Answer 20

conical

Question 21

Trachea

Answer 21

tube from the lungs to the throat and mouth

Question 22

Glottis

Answer 22

Opening between vocal folds

Question 23

Most percussion instruments produce (harmonic/inharmonic) overtones

Answer 23

inharmonic

Question 24

Three types of percussion

Answer 24

Stretched membranes, vibrating rods, vibrating plates

Question 25

In bowing a string instrument, string is engaged by ____. ____ waves produce momentarily high overtones. Initial string vibration is _____ until a _____ wave is created

Answer 25

friction of the bow, Traveling, longitudinal, standing

Question 26

The harder a hammer that strikes a string is the (more/less) angular the sound

Answer 26

more

Question 27

One can lower the pitch of a pipe by (increasing/decreasing) its length and/or diameter

Answer 27

increasing

Question 28

Flare of bell on brasswinds does what?

Answer 28

Suppresses upper harmonics for mellower sound

Question 29

Frequency of human voice depends on

Answer 29

thickness, length, amount of tension on vocal folds

Question 30

Timpani is kettle shaped because…

Answer 30

reinforce definite pitch