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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Phobia

A

A strong, persistent, and unwarranted fear of a specific object or situation

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2
Q

What are the three primary types of phobias?

A

Social anxiety disorders, specific phobias, and agoraphobia

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3
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Intense fear of being scrutinized or doing something embarrassing in the presence of others

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4
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Extreme fear of a specific object or situation. exposure to the stimulus nearly always produces intense anxiety or a panic attack

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5
Q

What are some primary types of specific phobias?

A

Living creatures, environmental conditions, blood/injection or injury, and situational factors

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6
Q

Agoraphobia

A 
Intense fear of at least two of the following: 
Being outside of the home alone
Traveling via public transportation 
Being in open spaces 
being in stores or theaters 
standing in line or being in a crowd
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7
Q

Negative Appraisal

A

Interpreting events, things, place, or people external to you as threatening

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8
Q

Anxiety Sensitivity

A

Interpreting physiological changes in your body

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9
Q

Re-appraisal

A

Reducing or eliminating negative interpretations by looking at a situation from multiple perspectives

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10
Q

Exposure Therapy

A

Gradual introduction to the feared situation

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11
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

Exposure techniques with relaxation

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12
Q

Cognitive Structuring

A

Identifying and changing irrational thoughts

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13
Q

What are some medication treatments for phobias?

A

Medications with efficacy for SAD, Benzodiazepines such as valium or xanax, and SSRIs

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14
Q

Obsession

A

Intrusive, repetitive thought or mental image that produces anxiety

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15
Q

Compulsion

A

Need or urge to perform acts or mental tasks to reduce anxiety

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16
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

The experience of consistent, anxiety producing obsessions accompanied by a strong need to perform acts or dwell on strong thoughts to reduce anxiety

17
Q

Stress

A

Feeling of strain or pressure that occurs when a person thinks that the demands placed on them in a situation exceeds their ability to cope

18
Q

What are common symptoms of stress?

A

Irritability/anger, fatigue, anxiety, headaches, muscle tension, depression

19
Q

What counts as trauma exposure?

A

Actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence and can occur through direct experience, witnessing, or learning of traumatic experience

20
Q

What are the four trajectories after exposure?

A

Resilience, Recovery, Delayed Symptoms, and Chronic Symptoms

21
Q

Duration of Acute Stress

A

3 days to one month and no delayed onset

22
Q

PTSD

A

Symptoms last for one month or more and can have a delayed onset

23
Q

What are the four major symptom clusters of PTSD?

A

Intrusive symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in mood or cognitions, and arousal and changes in reactivity

24
Q

Intrusive Symptoms

A

Distressing memories or dreams, flashbacks and intense mental distress or physiological reactions to cues associated with traumatic events

25
Q

Avoidance

A

Avoiding memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the events

26
Q

Negative alterations in mood or cognitions

A

Amnesia, negative self perceptions, persistent negative emotions, detachment, social disengagement

27
Q

Arousal and changes in reactivity

A

Irritability and anger/aggression

28
Q

What are some characteristics of living with PTSD?

A

Changed view of self and others, feeling different or lost, impatience with perceived incompetence, impatience with seemingly trivial complaints, underemployment

29
Q

Homeostasis

A

The physiological state of balance

30
Q

What is the history of PTSD?

A

First recognized as a diagnosis by the APA in 1980 and prior was known as shell shock, combat fatigue, soldiers heart, etc

Abnormal Psychology (6 decks)

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