Chapter 5

Question 1

• specific psychological structure; building block of intelligent behavior
• helps us understand and respond to environment
• defines specific parts of world (ideas, objects, people)
• organizes knowledge into discrete units

Answer 1

schema

Question 2

special kind of schema involving a sequence of events (e.g., birthday party, driving, dining out)

Answer 2

script

Question 3

Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory states that which two processes account for changes in schemas (learning)?

Answer 3

adaptation and organization

Question 4

adjusting or expanding existing schemas or creating completely new ones

Answer 4

adaptation

Question 5

occurs when no adaptation is required (assimilation > accommodation)

Answer 5

equilibrium

Question 6

What are the two adaptation methods?

Answer 6

assimilation and accommodation

Question 7

existing schema used to understand new information; new stuff added to current schema

Answer 7

assimilation

Question 8

existing schema fails to incorporate new information; new stuff changes current schema or creates new one

Answer 8

accommodation

Question 9

driving force behind all human learning

Answer 9

equilibration

Question 10

a process that occurs internally, apart from direct contact with the environment; rearranging schemas and linking them with other schemas to create a strongly, interconnected cognitive system

Answer 10

organization

Question 11

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage spans what years of development?

Answer 11

birth - 2 years

Question 12

habituating babies to a physical event to familiarize them with a situation in which their knowledge will be tested

Answer 12

violation of expectation method

Question 13

the realization that words can be used to cue mental images of things not physically present

Answer 13

displaced reference