Chapter 5 Flashcards
Slings, Chain & Shackles
How are Synthetic, Wire Ropes, and Chain Slings used in lieu of rope?
To provide an attachment point on cross arms, poles, or steel structures for rigging
Why are Synthetic, Wire Ropes, and Chain Slings popular amongst utility companies?
They are strong, durable, relatively inexpensive and are tagged with specific weight ratings, which improves safety
Why are slings especially attractive in the power delivery industry?
They are non-conductive
What are the most common configurations when using Synthetic, Wire rope or Chain slings?
- Vertical
- Choke
- Basket
What is a choke good for?
About half the rating of a Vertical
What is a Basket good for?
About twice the rating of a Vertical
How does a Vertical Configuration work?
- Normally more than one sling is involved
- Sometimes referred to as a Bridle Type
- One Vertical line to each Corner
- Keeps Load level, while distributing weight between slings
How does a Choker Configuration work?
- Allows the sling to bite down into place and minimize slip
- More Strain = Tighter Choke
- Most common when setting poles or stationary rigging points
- Significantly reduces sling strength
- Only be used when a basket configuration is not possible
How does a Basket Configuration work?
- The Strongest Configuration
- Distributes weight to each eye
- Supporting poles from a boom during framing
- Pole can be easily rotated
What’s another name for Synthetic Slings?
Web Slings
What is the most common material used for Synthetic Slings?
Nylon
What does the Name Tag provide?
- WLL per Configuration
- Manufacturer’s code number that denotes they type, ply, duty rating, and the width
What happens if the name tag is missing or illegible?
Sling must be removed from service
Properties of a Type 3 (Flat Eye to Eye)
- Eyes woven into each end
- Choker, Basket or Vertical
- Inexpensive, Very Common
Properties of of a Type 4 (Twisted Eye and Eye)
- Eyes woven into each end
- Eyes twister at Right Angles
- More effective for Chokers and Baskets
Properties of a Type 5 (Endless)
Continuous Loop Slings
Properties of a Type 6 (Reversed Eye)
- Formed using multiple widths of webbing held edge to edge stitched together through the middle
- Wear Pads on each side
- Eyes are turned at right angles
Properties of a Type 1 (Triangle Choker)
Different sized metal eyes to be used in as a choker
Properties of a Type 2 (Triangle to Triangle)
- Same size triangular metal eyes in each end
- Used only in Basket or Vertical
What should you be looking for when inspecting synthetic slings?
- Loose Stitching
- Torn Fibers
- Abrasions
- Other Defects
What’re you checking for when reading the name tag on a Synthetic Sling?
Make sure it is adequately rated for your application
What shouldn’t you expose synthetic slings to?
Heat
What must you do before installing slings around sharp edges and corners?
Sharp edges and corners must be padded before installing slings
What’s one more aspect that can be damaging to Synthetic Slings?
- Ultraviolet Light
- When stored, slings should be in a dry environment out of the sun
Common properties for wire rope slings?
Used for lifting very heavy loads
What are some examples Wire Rope Slings could be used for?
- Large poles or towers
- Large Voltage Regulators
- Large pad-mounted transformers
- Most Substation Equipment
What is the most popular choice wire rope sling in the power delivery industry?
Strand-Laid Single Leg, Eye-To-Eye Wire Rope Sling
Why is the Strand-Laid popular?
Durability in addition to strength
What are some properties of the Strand-Laid Wire Rope Sling?
- Larger Strands of steel make it less flexible but more resistant to fatigue
- Same size slings with smaller strands are more flexible but less resistant to fatigue
What is IWRC?
Independent Wire Rope Core
What are you looking for when inspecting a Wire Rope Sling?
- Broken Strands
- Excessive Deformation
- Reduction in Diameter
- Rust
- Integrity of End Fittings
What should you check before using any sling?
Check the name tag to ensure sling is adequately rated for the application
What should you do when applying slings to sharp edges and corners?
Protect with blocks or pads
When not in use what should you do with slings?
They should be kept clean, lightly oiled, and stored in a dry environment.
What are the common uses of Chain Slings?
- Securing Loads
- Provide Rigging Attachment Points
- Lifting and Moving Poles and Other Equipment
Chains of the the same diameter have different______?
Load Ratings
What must chains used to secure loads that are transported on public highways have?
Proof-Test Rating
What do Proof-Test Chains have?
Stamp on each chain link
Chains used for lifting, rigging, or hoisting must be a minimum of what?
Grade 80 Alloy Chain
What is the Association for chain ratings called?
National Association of Chain Manufacturers
What are the two Chain Slings normally designated for setting poles?
CO or CP
What is a CO Sling?
“C” is for Choker
“O” is for Oblong
What is a CP Sling?
“C” is for Choker
“P” is for Pear
What is the OSHA Standard for chain stretch?
1910.184
What is the most common types of wear associated with chains?
- Stretching
- Wear at the end of each link where they connect
What happens when you drag a chain?
It reduces the diameter of the links
What are you looking for when inspecting chains?
Corrosion, cracks, link stretch, deformation and elongation
How should chains be stored?
Off the ground, to prevent rust and corrosion
What are the two common types of shackles?
Material Shackles and Rigging Shackles
What’s another name for a Material Shackle?
Hardware Shackle
What’s another name for a Rigging Shackle?
Working Shackle
What are Material Shackles used for?
Attaching or joining hardware to a structure
What is the key identification for a Material Shackle?
The pin for these shackles uses a cotter key to secure it in place.
What are Rigging Shackles used for?
- Join slings
- Provide effective means of choking slings
- Provide Attachments Points for Rigging Purposes
What is the key identification for a Rigging Shackle?
- They have a screw type pin
- End of bolt should be flush with shackle
How do you handle a load using a shackle?
Pin end to the Center of the Shackle Body
When should a shackle be removed from service?
Shackles that have bent of damaged pins
How do you rig a shackle when using it in a choker configuration?
Always rig the eye end of the sling to the shackle pin and the running end through the shackle body
What does FMCSA stand for?
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
How is FMCSA utilized?
-Lists specific requirements for chains that are used for tie-downs or securing cargo
What is FMCSA’s Regulation on WLL’s for tie-downs?
Subpart 393.108
What does Rule (D) state?
That welded steel chain which is not marked or labeled to enable identification of its grade or WLL shall be considered to have a WLL equal to that for grade 30 proof coil chain.
What does the FMCSA require?
That chains conform to the National Association of Chain Manufacturers’ Welded Steel Chain Specifications, dated September 28, 2005.
