Chapter 5

Question 1

The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced. (how drugs work once they’re in the body)

Answer 1

Pharmacodynamics

Question 2

Define dose-response relationship

Answer 2

the relationship between the size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced

Question 3

Dose-response relationships determine:

Answer 3

1. the minimum amount of drug needed to elicit a response
2. the max response a drug can elicit
3. how much to increase the dosage to produce desired increase in response

Question 4

the largest effect that a drug can produce

Answer 4

Maximal Efficacy

Question 5

the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect

Answer 5

Potency

Question 6

___ is rarely an important characteristic of a drug

Answer 6

potency

Question 7

the potency of a drug implies nothing about its ___ ___

Answer 7

maximal efficacy

Question 8

the only way drugs can produce their effects is:

Answer 8

interacting with other chemicals

Question 9

Drug-receptor interactions:

Answer 9

*receptors are chemicals in the body that the drug must find to have its effect
Drug+Receptor –> drug-receptor complex forms–> response

Question 10

the more selective a drug is, the ______

Answer 10

fewer the side effects

Question 11

if a drug interacts with only a few receptors –>

if a drug interacts with many receptors –>

Answer 11

limited drug response

wide variety of responses

Question 12

just because a drug is highly selective, doesn’t mean that it’s ___

Answer 12

safe

Question 13

the more receptors that are occupied by drug will create —>

Answer 13

a more intense effectiveness of that drug

Question 14

what will occur when all receptors are occupied?

Answer 14

maximal response

Question 15

bind at low doses, making them very potent

Answer 15

High affinity

Question 16

bind at higher doses, making them weak or not a potent drug

Answer 16

low affinity

Question 17

molecule that activate receptors

Answer 17

Agonists

- can have many effects, not always necessarily making body processes faster

Question 18

produce their effects by preventing receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs

Answer 18

Antagonists

Question 19

receptor-less drugs

Answer 19

don’t need a receptor to activate

EX: antacids, antiseptics, laxatives, chelating agents.

Question 20

initial doses are __ while later doses are ______

Answer 20

approximate

adjusted as needed to treat the pt

Question 21

doses are adjusted based on:

Answer 21

how the patient responds to the drug

Question 22

Therapeutic index

Answer 22

1. measure of a drug’s safety
2. the ^ the index, the safer the drug
3. drugs with low therapeutic index are as equally effective as they are harmful.