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pharm 1 > chapter 1,2,3 > Flashcards

chapter 1,2,3 Flashcards

1
Q

a science that draw on information from multiple disciplines

A

pharmacology

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2
Q

the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or prevent pregnancy

A

pharmacotherapeutics

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3
Q

the study of drugs in human

A

clinical pharmacology

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4
Q

3 main properties of ideal drug:

A
  1. Effectiveness- most important property, does what it says it does
  2. Safety- cant produce harmful effects
  3. Selectivity- elicits only the response for which its given
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5
Q

The therapeutic objective of drug therapy:

A

is to provide maximum benefit with minimum harm

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6
Q

Factors that determine the intensity of drug responses:

A
  1. Administration- dose size, route, timing of dosing

2. Medication Errors- by person or wrong drug, dose, route, time etc.

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7
Q

how much of administered dose gets to sites of action in the body

A

Pharmacokinetics

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8
Q

The impact of the body on drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

-drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.

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9
Q

the impact of the drugs on the body

A

pharmacodynamics

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10
Q

the first step of pharmacodynamics:

A
  • drug binds to receptors

- drug takes effect in the body

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11
Q

individual variations on how a drug affects someone:

A
  • physiological- age, gender, genetic makeup
  • pathological- kidney or liver problems
  • genetic-
    drug interactions- can inactivate or cause 1 to have more affect than other drug
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12
Q

what is the nurses role in pharmacology?

A
  • follow patient status closely
  • observe drug responses
  • detect mistakes made
  • last person to check meds before they’re given
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13
Q

All drug therapy begins with:

A

assessment of the patient

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14
Q

assessment has 3 basic goals:

A
  1. collect baseline data (pre-existing health problems)
  2. identify high-risk patients (allergies, pregnancy, age, pathophysiology, genetic factors)
    3.assess the patients capacity for self-care
    (always check pt’s chart and preadmission assessment)
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15
Q

The 2nd phase of application of drug therapy is:

A

dosage and administration

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16
Q

Dosage and Administration has 3 rules:

A
  1. Why is it being given? Understand what the drug is used for.
  2. Is the dose appropriate for the route?(morphine PO or Injection)
  3. Risk of injury related to dosing
17
Q

The most common medications errors are? (4)

A
  1. wrong Patient
  2. Wrong Dose
  3. Wrong IV BAG
  4. Look alike/sound alike drugs
18
Q

The 3rd phase of application of drug therapy is:

A

Evaluating and Promoting Therapeutic Effects

19
Q

Evaluating and Promoting Therapeutic Effets

A
  • Evaluate therapeutic responses- supportive measures by nurse to ^ therapeutic effects of drugs
  • Promote patient adherence
  • implement non-drug measures- educate patient
20
Q

Patient education on drugs provided should include:

A
  1. dosage and administration
  2. promotion of therapeutic effect information
  3. minimize adverse reactions- don’t double up if you miss one.
  4. minimize adverse reactions- educate them on what can happen if they don’t take meds or take too much.
21
Q

What is the nursing process used before you administer any drugs?

A 
ADPIE
Assessement
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation 
Evaluation
22
Q

Drug regulation is implemented by the ___

A

FDA

Food and Drug administration

23
Q

Controlled substances Act

A
  • created schedules I-V of controlled drugs
  • schedule I is illegal and no use in U.S. allowed
  • Schedule II-V are used in U.S. but potential for abuse
24
Q

creating a new drug takes anywhere from __ to __

A

10-15 years

25
Q

the most reliable way to objectively assess drug therapies

A

Randomized Control Trials

26
Q

what are the 2 stages of new drug development?

A
  1. Preclinical- tested on animals

2. Clinical- 4 phases and takes anywhere from 2-10 years to complete before it hits the market

27
Q

Stage 4 of the Clinical phase of new drug development includes:

A

the release of the new drug for general use, permitting observation of its effects in a large population

28
Q

What are the 3 types of drug names with an example?

A
  1. Chemical: name using chemistry words, not used in clinical setting
  2. Generic: One generic name, preferred for general use
  3. Trade: Brand name, must be FDA approved, created by drug company
29
Q

Over the counter drugs:

A
  • purchased without perscription
  • Accounts for 60% of all doses of medication admin
  • 40% of ppl use OTC meds at least every other day
30
Q

The average household has ___ OTC meds in their home

A

24

31
Q

OTC accounts for ___ of all doses of meds administered and ___ of Americans use them at least every other day

A

60%

40%

pharm 1 (9 decks)

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