Chapter 13- PNS

Question 1

What are the 2 subdivisions of the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 1

somatic Motor system- voluntary movement

Autonomic motor system- automatic movement

Question 2

The autonomic Motor system is broken down into 2 parts that are:

Answer 2

1. Parasympathetic- rest & digest

2. Sympathetic- Fight or Flight

Question 3

Autonomic NS principle functions:

Answer 3

1. regulate heart
2. regulate secretory glands
3. regulate smooth muscle

Question 4

Sympathetic NS functions:

Answer 4

• regulate cardiovascular system
• regulate body temp
• implement acute stress response (fight or flight)
• dilate pupil
• hold bowels/urination

Question 5

Parasympathetic NS functions:

Answer 5

• slow HR
• ^ gastric secretion
• empty bladder
• empty bowel
• focus eye for near vision
• constrict pupil
• constrict bronchioles

Question 6

By influencing the heart and blood vessels, the sympathetic NS can achieve 3 homeostatic objectives:

Answer 6

1. maintain blood flow to brain
2. redistribute blood flow during exercise
3. compensate for blood loss by causing vasoconstriction

Question 7

Fight-or-Flight mechanism does what to the body? (5)

Answer 7

1. ^ HR and BP
2. shunt blood away from skin to muscles
3. dilate bronchi to ^ O2 consumption
4. Dilate pupils to enhance vision
5. Mobilize stored energy ( glucose + fatty acids) for muscles

Question 8

What are the 3 basic patterns of autonomic innervation and regulation?

Answer 8

1. Innervated by BOTH PNS & SNS which oppose each other
2. Innervated by BOTH PNS 7 SNS and compliment each other
3. Innervated by ONE division only (pns or sns)

Question 9

a process that allows a system to adjust itself by responding to incoming information

Answer 9

feedback regulation (reflex)

Question 10

The most important type of feedback regulation system is the ___

Answer 10

baroreceptor reflex (carotid artery & aortic arch)

Question 11

The steady day-to-day influence exerted by the ANS on organs or an organ system

Answer 11

autonomic tone

Question 12

the predominant tone provider for most organs is the ____ except for the skin which is exclusively regulated by the ____

Answer 12

parasympathetic NS

sympathetic NS

Question 13

Their are 2 sites that drugs can act on a parasympathetic nerve, what are they?

Answer 13

1. the synapses between preganglionic neurons & postganglionic neurons
2. junctions between postganglionic neurons & effector organs

Question 14

The Parasympathetic NS has 4 neurotransmitters, what are they?

Answer 14

1. Acetylcholine (AcH)
2. Norepinephrine (NE)
3. Epinephrine (Epi)
4. Dopamine (Dopa)

Question 15

What are the 2 basic types of receptors in the PNS?

Answer 15

1. Cholinergic (respond to AcH)

2. Adrenergic (respond to EPI & NE)

Question 16

Types of cholinergic receptors that only respond to AcH

Answer 16

• Nicotinic N (neuronal)
• Nicotinic M (muscular)
• Muscarinic (all PNS organs)

Question 17

Types of Adrenergic receptors that only respond to Epi or NE (sympathetic NS)

Answer 17

• alpha 1
• alpha 2
• beta 1
• beta 2

Question 18

activation of Nicotinic N receptors will have what affect?

Answer 18

1. release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla

2. transmission to all PNS and SNS systems

Question 19

activation of Nicotinic M receptors will have what affect?

Answer 19

1. contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 20

Activation of Muscarinic receptors will have what affect?

Answer 20

• activate affected organs of PNS
  -sweat glands
  ( decrease HR, constrict pupils, activate salivary glands, constrict bronchioles, contract sphincter of bladder, etc)

Question 21

Alpha 1 receptors when activated have what affects on the body?

Answer 21

• pupil constriction
• blood vessels constrict
• ejaculation
• constrict sphincter, relax bladder