chapter 5

Question 1

electronic configuration of K

Answer 1

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Question 2

electronic configuration o2-

Answer 2

1s2 2s2 2p6

Question 3

ionic bonding

Answer 3

the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions (cations and anions)

Question 4

ionic compound properties: melting and boiling points

Answer 4

high temperatures needed to overcome the strong electrostatic attraction= high melting and boiling points

Question 5

ionic compound properties: solubility

Answer 5

many dissolve in polar solvents like water because they can break down the lattice. But if the charges are large the attraction may be too strong to be broken down.

• ionic lattice must be broken down
• water molecules must attract and surround the ions

Question 6

ionic compound properties; electrical conductivity

Answer 6

solid- does not conduct (non conductor)
melted/ dissolves- does
solid
- ions fixed position in lattice= no mobile charge carriers
liquid/ dissolved
-ionic lattice breaks down & ions free to move

Question 7

covalent bonding

Answer 7

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms

Question 8

a molecule

Answer 8

small unit of 2 or more units, the smallest part of a covalent compound that can exist while still retaining the chemical properties of the compound.

Question 9

dative covalent bonds

Answer 9

a covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only.