chapter 15

Question 1

reactivity of haloalkanes

Answer 1

halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the electron pair is therefore closer to the halogen- bond is polar

Question 2

nucleophile definition & common

Answer 2

species that donate a lone pair of electrons
OH-
H2O
NH3

Question 3

hydrolysis

Answer 3

chemical reaction involving water that causes the breaking of a bond in the molecule

Question 4

haloalkane —> alcohol

Answer 4

aq sodium hydroxide

heated under reflux

Question 5

hydrolysis and carbon-halogen bond strength

Answer 5

rate of hydrolysis depends on strength of bond
C-F --strongest, unreactive
C-Cl
C-Br
C-I --weakest, react fastest

Question 6

how do CFCs deplete the ozone layer?

Answer 6

-UV radiation breaks carbon-halogen bonds by homiletic fission- radicals
-Cl* radical reacts with ozone breaking it down into O2
prop 1 Cl* + O3 –> ClO* + O2
prop 2 ClO* + O –> Cl* + O2
overall O3 + O –> 2O2