chapter 16

Question 1

quickfit apparatus

Answer 1

1. pear-shaped flask
2. receiver
3. screw-tap adaptor
4. condenser
5. still head

Question 2

purifying organic products

Answer 2

• organic liquids may be obtained w/ the product
• 2 layers; 1 organic & 1 aqueous
• add water, the layer that gets bigger is the aq layer

Question 3

separating 2 layers

Answer 3

1. ensure separating funnel is closed
2. pour mixture of liquids into the separating funnel, place a stopper and invert to mix
3. allow layers to settle
4. add some water, identify aq layer as it increases in vol
5. place a conical flask under the separating funnel, open tap until lower layer has left funnel
6. place a second conical flask under to collect the other layer

Question 4

remove acid impurities

Answer 4

add aq sodium carbonate and shaking the mix in a separating funnel- gas

Question 5

drying the organic product

Answer 5

1. add liquid to conical flask
2. using a spatula add some of the drying agent and swirl
3. place a stopper to prevent product evaporating- leave for 10 mins
4. add more drying agent until some solid is dispersed in solution as a fine powder
5. decant the liquid from the solid into another flask. if the liquid is dry it should be clear

Question 6

redistillation

Answer 6

impurities. only collect the product w/ the bp of the compound you are trying to make. the narrower the boiling range, the purer the product