Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 375 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

First neurotransmitter discovered in the peripheral and central nervous system.

Activates skeletal muscles in the somatic nervous system and may either excite or inhibit internal organs in the autonomic system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epinephrine (/adrenaline)

A

Chemical messenger that acts as a hormone to mobilize the body for fight or flight during times of stress and as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter found in the brain and in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Accelerates hear rate in mammals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical released by a neuron into a target with an excitatory or inhibitory effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain and characterized by tremors, muscular rigidity, and reduction of voluntary movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dopamine

A

Amine neurotransmitter that plays a role in coordinating movement in attention and learning in behaviours that are reinforcing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Synaptic Vesicle

A

Organelle consisting of a membrane structure that encloses a quantum of neurotransmitter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

Gap that separates the presynaptic membrane from the postsynaptic membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemical Synapse

A

Junction at which messenger molecules are released when stimulated by an action potential.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Presynaptic Membrane

A

Membrane on the transmitter-output side of a synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Postsynaptic Membrane

A

Membrane on the transmitter-input side of a synapse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Storage Granule

A

Membranous compartment that holds several vesicles containing a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gap Junction

A

Fused prejunction and postjunction cell membrane in which connected ion channels form a pore that allows ions to pass directly from one neuron to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the four steps of neurotransmission?

A

Synthesis
Release
Receptor Activation
Inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transporter

A

Protein molecule that pumps substance across a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What locations are neurotransmitters often found?

A

Granules, microfilaments in terminal, and presynaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transmitter-Activated Receptors

A

Protein that has a binding site for a specific neurotransmitter and is embedded in the membrane of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Autoreceptor

A

“Self receptor” in a neural membrane that responds to the transmitter released by the neuron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four ways in which neurotransmitter deactivation is achieved?

A

Diffusion, degradation, reuptake, glial uptake

20
Q

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 synapses?

A

Type 1: excitatory, located on shaft or spine of dendrite, round dense and large synapses
Type 2: inhibitory, located on the cell body, flat less dense and smaller

21
Q

Small Molecule Transmitter

A

Quick acting neurotransmitter synthesized in the axon terminal from products derived from the diet.

22
Q

What are the four criteria for identifying neurotransmitters?

A
  1. Chemical must be synthesized by or present in neuron
  2. When the neuron is active the chemical must be released and produce a response in some target
  3. Same response must be obtained when the chemical is experimentally placed on the target
  4. A mechanism must exist for removing the chemical from it;s site of activation after its work is done.
23
Q

Histamine

A

Neurotransmitter that controls arousal and waking

24
Q

What are the three classes of neurotransmitters?

A

Small molecule transmitters
Peptide transmitters
Transmitter gasses

25
Q

Serotonin

A

Amine neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating mood and aggression appetite and arousal. The perception of pain and respiration.

26
Q

Glutamate

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter that excites neurons.

27
Q

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter that inhibits neurons

28
Q

Neuropeptide

A

Multifunctional chain of amino acids that acts as a neurotransmitter

Synthesized from mRNA
Can act as hormones and may contribute to learning

29
Q

Nitric Oxide

A

Gas that acts as a chemical neurotransmitter

Dilate blood vessels aid digestion and activate cellular metabolism.

30
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A

Gas that acts as a neurotransmitter in the activation of cellular metabolism

31
Q

Ionotropic Receptors

A

Embedded membrane protein that acts as…

  1. A binding side for a neurotransmitter
  2. A pore that regulates ion flow to directly and rapidly change membrane voltage
32
Q

Metabotropic Receptor

A

Embedded membrane protein with a binding site for a neurotransmitter but no pore.

Generall inhibitory, slow acting, and activate second messengers.

33
Q

Second Messenger

A

Chemical that carries a message to initiate a biochemical process when activated by a neurotransmitter

34
Q

Cholinergic Neuron

A

Neuron that uses acetylcholine as its main neurotransmitter

35
Q

Activating System

A

Neural pathways that coordinate brain activity through a single neurotransmitter

36
Q

What are the four activating systems?

A

Cholinergic System
Dopaminergic System
Noradrenergic System
Serotonergic System

37
Q

Cholinergic System

A

Active in maintaining attention and waking patterns.
Plays a role in memory.

Thought to be related to Alzheimers disease.

38
Q

Dopaminergic System

A

Made of nigrostriatial and mesolimbic pathways

Thought to play a role in Parkinson’s Disease

39
Q

Nigrostriatial Pathways

A

Maintains normal motor behaviour

40
Q

Mesolimbic Pathways

A

Reward Pathways

41
Q

Noradrenic System

A

Maintaining Emotional Tone

Related to mania and depression

42
Q

Serotonergic System

A

Maintaining waking brain activity

Thought to be related to OCD

43
Q

Habituation

A

Learning behaviour in which a response to a stimulus weakens with repeated stimulus presentations.

44
Q

Sensitization

A

Learning behaviour in which the response to a stimulus strengthens with repeated presentations of that stimulus because the stimulus is novel or because the stimulus is stronger than normal.

45
Q

In sensitization, change takes place in which channel?

A

Potassium

46
Q

In habituation change takes place in which channels?

A

Calcium

PSYC 375 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions