Chapter 5 Flashcards
Culture
An established, coherent set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices shared by a large group of people.
What are four attributes of culture?
- Learned
- Communicated
- Layered
- Lived
Culture is learned
You learn your cultural beliefs, attitudes, and values from many sources, including your parents, teachers, religious leaders, peers, and the mass media.
Culture is communicated
Each culture has its own practices regarding how to communicate and these can widely differ from one another.
Culture is layered
Many of us belong to more than one culture. This means we experience multiple layers of culture simultaneously, as various traditions, heritages, and practices are recognized and held as important.
Culture is lived
Culture affects everything about how you live your life.
Co-cultural communication theory
people who have more power within a society determine the dominant culture.
Co-cultures
cultures that co-exist within a dominant cultural sphere. Based on age, gender, social class, ethnicity, religion, mental and physical ability, sexual orientation, and other unifying elements, depending on the society.
Assimilation
Attempting to be accepted into the dominant culture.
Prejudice
When stereotypes effect rigid attitudes toward groups and their members.
Stereotype content model
A model in which prejudice centers on two judgements made about others: how warm and friendly they are and how competent they are. These judgments create two possible kinds of prejudice: benevolent and hostile.
Individualism
Cultures that value independent and personal achievement; individual goals over group or societal goals
Collectivism
Cultures that emphasize group identity, interpersonal harmony, and the well-being of in-groups. Collectivist cultures also value the importance of belonging to groups that look after members in exchange for loyalty.
Uncertainty avoidance
Cultures vary in how much they tolerate and accept unpredictability.
High: value control
Low: emphasis on future happen without trying to control it.
Power distance
The degree to which people in a particular culture view the unequal distribution of power as acceptable.
High: Normal and desirable
Low: try to minimize differences between diff class statuses
High-context cultures
presume that others within the culture will share their viewpoints and thus perceive situations in a similar way
Low context cultures
people tend not to presume that others share their beliefs, attitudes, and values. Strive to be informative, clear and direct in communication
Display rules
guidelines for when, where, and how to manage emotion displays appropriately.
Masculine cultural values
accumulation of material wealth as an indicator of success, assertiveness, and personal achievement.
Feminine cultural values
emphasize compassion and cooperation.
Mono-chronic time orientation
View time as a precious resources. It can be saved, spent, wasted, lost or made up. It can run out.
Polychronic time orientation
don’t view time as a resource to be spend, saved, or guarded. Flexible when it comes to time and believe that harmonious interaction with others is more important than being on time or sticking to a schedule.
