Chapter 5

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

An established, coherent set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices shared by a large group of people.

Question 2

What are four attributes of culture?

Answer 2

1. Learned
2. Communicated
3. Layered
4. Lived

Question 3

Culture is learned

Answer 3

You learn your cultural beliefs, attitudes, and values from many sources, including your parents, teachers, religious leaders, peers, and the mass media.

Question 4

Culture is communicated

Answer 4

Each culture has its own practices regarding how to communicate and these can widely differ from one another.

Question 5

Culture is layered

Answer 5

Many of us belong to more than one culture. This means we experience multiple layers of culture simultaneously, as various traditions, heritages, and practices are recognized and held as important.

Question 6

Culture is lived

Answer 6

Culture affects everything about how you live your life.

Question 7

Co-cultural communication theory

Answer 7

people who have more power within a society determine the dominant culture.

Question 8

Co-cultures

Answer 8

cultures that co-exist within a dominant cultural sphere. Based on age, gender, social class, ethnicity, religion, mental and physical ability, sexual orientation, and other unifying elements, depending on the society.

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

Attempting to be accepted into the dominant culture.

Question 10

Prejudice

Answer 10

When stereotypes effect rigid attitudes toward groups and their members.

Question 11

Stereotype content model

Answer 11

A model in which prejudice centers on two judgements made about others: how warm and friendly they are and how competent they are. These judgments create two possible kinds of prejudice: benevolent and hostile.

Question 12

Individualism

Answer 12

Cultures that value independent and personal achievement; individual goals over group or societal goals

Question 13

Collectivism

Answer 13

Cultures that emphasize group identity, interpersonal harmony, and the well-being of in-groups. Collectivist cultures also value the importance of belonging to groups that look after members in exchange for loyalty.

Question 14

Uncertainty avoidance

Answer 14

Cultures vary in how much they tolerate and accept unpredictability.
High: value control
Low: emphasis on future happen without trying to control it.

Question 15

Power distance

Answer 15

The degree to which people in a particular culture view the unequal distribution of power as acceptable.
High: Normal and desirable
Low: try to minimize differences between diff class statuses

Question 16

High-context cultures

Answer 16

presume that others within the culture will share their viewpoints and thus perceive situations in a similar way

Question 17

Low context cultures

Answer 17

people tend not to presume that others share their beliefs, attitudes, and values. Strive to be informative, clear and direct in communication

Question 18

Display rules

Answer 18

guidelines for when, where, and how to manage emotion displays appropriately.

Question 19

Masculine cultural values

Answer 19

accumulation of material wealth as an indicator of success, assertiveness, and personal achievement.

Question 20

Feminine cultural values

Answer 20

emphasize compassion and cooperation.

Question 21

Mono-chronic time orientation

Answer 21

View time as a precious resources. It can be saved, spent, wasted, lost or made up. It can run out.

Question 22

Polychronic time orientation

Answer 22

don’t view time as a resource to be spend, saved, or guarded. Flexible when it comes to time and believe that harmonious interaction with others is more important than being on time or sticking to a schedule.