Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOCI 303 > Chapter 5-6 > Flashcards

Chapter 5-6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are other social ‘locations’ beside gender that affect how we and others see us?

A
  • age
  • sexuality
  • race
  • class
  • physical ability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is gender an isolated social fact?

A
  • No

- it intersects with all our social locations to make up our identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define intersectionality

A
  • people are often disadvantaged by various social locations
  • can result in inequality or oppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does intersectionality recognize about different identity markers?

A

-they connect and result in different responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is one social location the most important and what’s an example?

A
  • No
  • gender connects with each social location differently but they’re all equal
  • ex) there is a gendered way to age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a gender strategy and an example?

A
  • how we explain our behaviour

- ex) girly girl or tomboy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is the gender strategy the same everywhere?

A
  • No

- it changes based on the situation and players

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some gender strategies that link gender with income or class?

A
  • breadwinner
  • stay at home mom
  • country boys
  • career women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What affects our life chances?

A
  • where we grow up

- the resources we have access to in our families and communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which economic class has the most gender strategies available to them?

A

-those with more money and class status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does our society see race as a designation?

A
  • some racial groups are denigrated and others valourized

- all subjected to advantages and disadvantages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are stereotypes of black men?

A
  • aggressive, prone to criminality, sexually violent

- all hyper-masculine traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do blackness and masculinity correlate?

A

-blackness intensifies masculinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The same behaviours deemed “boys being boys” with white men are deemed what with black men?

A

-deviant or dangerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do teachers of all race view Black boy’s misbehaviour compared to white boys?

A

-they view their misbehaviour more harshly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do Black boys have to do to seem good to teachers?

A

-use docility as a racialized strategy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are Black women stereotyped?

A

-less feminine, hyper sexual, physically tough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What consequences occur because of Black women’s stereotypes and what do some Black women do because of this?

A
  • they’re a denial of vulnerability, femininity and need for help/support
  • Black women may change their looks to counteract these stereotypes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is femininity viewed in terms of ethnicity?

A

-its seen as inherently white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are Asian men stereotyped?

A
  • they’re feminized

- hardworking and smart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are Asian women stereotyped?

A
  • feminized and fetishized sexually

- because of their history as sex slaves in America they’re seen as passive and sexually available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the unmarked category? (3)

A
  • a social identity assumed for a role without qualification, making everyone else the other
  • the normal category
  • middle to upper class heterosexual, able bodied, urban, christian, white individuals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the gender binary do in relation to the unmarked?

A
  • it causes there to be one kind of man and woman

- everything else is outside the marked category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does it mean to be unmarked in terms of ethnicity?

A
  • Whiteness is seen as the norm

- POC are seen as the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a result of Whiteness being seen as unmarked or the norm?

A

-whiteness is seen as being less exciting or boring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What gender strategies can working class or poor White people adopt?

A
  • urban white girl

- white supremacist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the Urban White girl?

A

-honorary POC or wannabes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who are sexual minorities?

A

-gays, lesbians, trans people and bisexual people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define homophobia

A

-the bias against and fear of sexual minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Define compulsory heterosexuality (3)

A
  • some sexual minorities feel they must hide their sexual orientation
  • because the rule says that only sexual attraction and relationships between a woman and man are normal
  • everything else is deviant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define heteronormative

A

-an assumption everyone is heterosexual unless there are signs suggesting otherwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are reconfigured families?

A

-immigrants may have to change their gender roles and marital arrangements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are reconfigured sexualities?

A

-between countries, cultural rules on how to do gender and sexuality differ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Define xenophobia

A

-institutional and individual bias against people seen as foreign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How does disability affect men?

A
  • decreases their masculinity

- their ability to be assertive with their bodies, strong etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How does disability affect women?

A

-centres around attractiveness and ability to be sexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Define ageism

A
  • prejudice based on a preference for youth

- aging is associated with mental deficiency and reduced social value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How does age affect women?

A
  • women are expected to always look about 20

- they are called cougars or grannies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How does age affect men?

A

-men can be attractive at any age and it correlates with money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Why isn’t gender crowded by our other identities?

A
  • the other identities are gendered themselves

- gender inflects all our other identities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Define social identity

A
  • a culturally available and socially constructed category of people
  • in which we place ourselves or are placed by others
42
Q

Define privilege

A

-unearned social and economic advantage

43
Q

Define gender strategy

A
  • finding ways of doing gender that works

- shaped by other identities and material realities of our lives

44
Q

What do our varying gender strategies add up to?

A

-many culturally recognizable masculine and feminine archetypes

45
Q

Define racism

A

-social arrangements designed to systemically advance one race over another

46
Q

Give an example of what unmarked means?

A

-for instance, nurses are usually female so you will hear male nurse
-gay marriage
Etc.

47
Q

What do societies achieve when they relate gender bending with gayness?

A

-this creates an incentive for heterosexuals to conform to gender norms

48
Q

Define homonormativity

A

-obeying most gender rules except sexually desiring someone of the same sex

49
Q

Define ableism

A

-individual and institutional bias against people with differently abled bodies

50
Q

Are the consequences and benefits from society forcing men and women to do gender equal? Why?

A
  • No, because the gender binary is hierarchal

- it places men and masculinity above women and femininity

51
Q

How did cheerleading begin? (4)

A
  • mid 1800s as an all male sport
  • it was considered equivalent in prestige to the masculinity of football
  • being a cheerleader was a great responsibility and honour
  • in 1927, cheerleading manuals still only used he/him pronouns
52
Q

How did women enter cheerleading? (3)

A
  • during WW1 when men left to fight in the war, women started joining
  • women joining was considered unnatural and even inappropriate
  • when men returned from the war there was an effort to end women cheerleading
53
Q

What happened after women joined cheerleading in the 1960-70s?

A

-cheerleaders were mostly female and it became less about leadership and more about support and sexiness

54
Q

What happened to the idea of cheerleading once women joined?

A
  • it didn’t change the way we viewed women but instead the way we viewed cheerleading
  • transitioned from a respectful pursuit to a silly show on the sidelines
55
Q

As professions and activities become more female, what happens?

A

-the professions and activities value and prestige decline

56
Q

What is patriarchy and what does it mean?

A
  • the rule of the father

- the control of female and younger male family members by select adult men

57
Q

What is the patriach’s word at home like?

A
  • the king of his castle

- his word is law at home

58
Q

How does patriarchal power relate to men’s ownership of things?

A
  • men own all property including the bodies of their wives and children
  • any earning of inheritance
59
Q

In patriarchal societies what do men alone have?

A
  • legal and civil rights

- they’re entitled to act freely in the outside world

60
Q

What was patriarchy slowly replaced with?

A

Democratic brotherhood

61
Q

What is democratic brotherhood?

A

The distribution of citizenship rights to certain classes of men

62
Q

What defined the brotherhood growing?

A

-poor men, men of colour, immigrants and Indigenous men fought and gained the rights of citizenship

63
Q

How does the patriarchy still exist?

A

-although it has steadily declined as a principle of law, it’s underlying way of thinking about gender still persists

64
Q

As men continue to be generic human or unmarked, what are women considered?

A

Deviant from the norm

65
Q

Define formal gender equality and who has it?

A
  • the requirement that laws treat men and women as equal citizens
  • most Western countries
66
Q

If men’s identity is often invisible, even to themselves, what is women’s identity?

A
  • centrally important

- men are people and women are women

67
Q

What is one sign we still live in a modified patriarchy?

A

-men being seen as normal or neutral and the marginalizing of women as modified, non neutral type of person

68
Q

What three concepts of inequality are important to gender dynamics?

A
  • sexism
  • androcentrism
  • subordination
69
Q

Define sexism

A

-favouring of male bodied over female bodied people, both ideologically and in practice

70
Q

Define androcentrism

A

-prejudice favouring whatever is seen as masculine compared to feminine

71
Q

Define subordination?

A

-the placing of women into positions that make them subservient or dependent on men

72
Q

What are synonyms for the word power?

A

-male, manly masculine

73
Q

What are synonyms for the word weakness?

A

Effeminate, emasculate and womanly

74
Q

What do the associations of femininity with delicacy and masculinity with courageousness reveal?

A

Gender is a metaphor for power

75
Q

What does the media center on?

A

-men and marginalizing women

76
Q

Parents negative reactions towards boys feminine sides reflects what?

A

-androcentrism and the stigmatizing nature of femininity for men

77
Q

Do people feel more comfortable if boys or girls cross gender play?

A

Girls

78
Q

The terms people use to hurt boys that act feminine like pussy or whipped reflects what?

A
  • a sexist and androcentric world

- telling children being a girl is worse than being a boy

79
Q

What do slurs related to homosexuality do? (Fag)

A
  • being a girl is worse than being a boy

- form of gender policing

80
Q

What is male flight?

A

A phenomenon where men abandon feminizing areas of life

81
Q

As girls and women have become better in school than boys, what has happened?

A

-male flight causes some men to avoid education

82
Q

Define hegemony

A
  • collective consent to inequality secured by the idea that it is inevitable, natural or desirable
  • widespread consent to relations of systemic social disadvantage
83
Q

What is hegemonic masculinity?

A
  • type of masculine performance idealized by men and women

- functions to justify and naturalize gender inequality

84
Q

What does the practice of hegemonic masculinity create?

A
  • The real men in our collective imagination

- embodies all the most positive traits of masculinity

85
Q

Do all men have or want hegemonic masculine traits?

A
  • no, but membership to the category gives them characteristics attributed to men
  • all men can lay a socially valid claim to advantage by virtue of the traits attributed to their sex
86
Q

In context of hyper masculinity, are men generally naturally violent?

A

No

87
Q

What is toxic masculinity

A

Extreme masculinity that becomes harmful to men themselves and people around them, self harm

88
Q

Which gender generally commits violence?

A

Men

89
Q

Why does the gendered nature of violence often seem invisible?

A

We accept that men are naturally violent

90
Q

What is a patriarchal bargain?

A
  • A deal in which an individual legitimizes the costs of patriarchy in exchange for its rewards
  • can hurt men and women
91
Q

In North America today, what are some men trying to find?

A

-new ways of being men that don’t hold up the patriarchy, reward hyper masculinity or oppress women or men

92
Q

What is hybrid masculinity?

A

-versions of masculinity incorporating symbols, performances and identities society associates with women or low status men

93
Q

Why is it more women than men find the gender binary system unfair?

A

Because fixing it has primarily fallen on women

94
Q

Define modified patriarchy?

A
  • societies where women have formal gender equality

- but the patriarchal power of men/masculinity is central to daily life

95
Q

How does Androcentrism relate to valuing masculinity vs. femininity?

A

-what is valued in men tends to be valued in everyone but what is valued in women tends to be valued only in women

96
Q

When is an idea considered hegemonic?

A

-when it is widely endorsed by those who benefit from the social conditions it supports and those who do not

97
Q

Define Exculpatory chauvinism and give an example

A
  • phenomenon where negative characteristics given to men are acceptable justification of their dominance
  • ex) lack of cleanliness
98
Q

Define hierarchy of masculinity

A

-a rough ranking of men from most to least masculine with the assumption that more is always better

99
Q

Define precarious masculinity

A

-manhood is more difficult to earn and easier to lose than womanhood

100
Q

Define compensatory masculinity

A

-acts undertaken to reassert ones manliness in the face of a threat

101
Q

How do men do a patriarchal bargain?

A
  • they accept some degree of subordination on the hierarchy of masculinity
  • in exchange for being higher than women

SOCI 303 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions