CHAPTER 5+6

Question 1

define bullying

Answer 1

intentional, causes harm, repeated and imbalance of power

Question 2

how can children acquire power?

Answer 2

advantage of size, strength, age, intelligence, social status and peer groups, knowledge of vulnerabilities

Question 3

where does canada rank for bullying and victimization?

Answer 3

ranked 26th and 27th out of 35 countries

Question 4

what did canda rank for mental health?

Answer 4

17th out of 29th

Question 5

what % of children experience bullying?

Answer 5

38-40%

Question 6

what did Pepler and Craig find?

Answer 6

over 4 years, 64% of kids have been bullied, every 7 minutes on playground and 25 mins in class

Question 7

in Pepler and Craig, what did they find about intervention?

Answer 7

adults intervened 4% while peers intervened 11%

Question 8

define ringleader bulllies

Answer 8

have status goals, want to be admired by others

Question 9

define neagtive memories - retrospective studies

Answer 9

no one stood up, no one cared, defended victims

Question 10

what happens when a peer speaks up against bullying?

Answer 10

stops within 10 seconds more than 50% of the time, 88% bystanders, 19% of they intervened

Question 11

define defended victims

Answer 11

better adjusted than underdefeated

Question 12

define physical bullying

Answer 12

hitting, shoving, spitting, beating up, stealing, damaging property

Question 13

define verbal bullying

Answer 13

name calling, mocking, teasing, humilating, threatening, racist (50%)

Question 14

define social bullying

Answer 14

excluding others from group, gossiping, spreading rumours

Question 15

define cyberbullying

Answer 15

14-5-%; social media and phones

Question 16

define sexual bullying

Answer 16

homophobia, sexual touching

Question 17

define homophobic bullying

Answer 17

involves negative attitudes, beliefs, behaviours towards sexual minorities

Question 18

what % of LGTBQ youth are targeted for non conforming gender expression and are repeatedly bullied?

Answer 18

94%

Question 19

what % of Canadian students hear derogatory terms?

Answer 19

70%

Question 20

how many times likely are LGTBQ youth likely to experience traditional and online bullying as heterosexual youth?

Answer 20

2x and 8x to experience homophobic bullying

Question 21

differences between cyberbullying vs normal bullying

Answer 21

difficult to determine intent, measure repeated nature, tech can sway balance of power

Question 22

how likely are youth bullied online likely to commit suicide?

Answer 22

3.44

Question 23

__ of students who said all or most of their friends have cyberbullied others in previous 6 months reported that they did the same

Answer 23

62%

Question 24

what are risk factors for bullies?

Answer 24

SES, gender, strength, impulsivity, lack of empathy

Question 25

what are parental correlates for bullies?

Answer 25

rejection, permissive about aggression, conflict, monitoring

Question 26

higher levels of empathy among older children predict ____ bullying

Answer 26

MORE

Question 27

consequences for children who bully

Answer 27

higher loneliness, depression, involvement with dating violence, earlier dating, alcohol and drug use earlier

Question 28

who are victims?

Answer 28

rejected, anxious, withdrawn, low self esteem

Question 29

consequences for victim

Answer 29

social anxiety, loneliness, school absenteeism, academic problems, depression

Question 30

what did kretschmer find in his study about bullying consequences in adulthood?

Answer 30

Perpetrators more likely to use substances and involved in law breaking
Victims poor mental health, less likely to be in education or work, less financially stable, more likely to smoke

Question 31

define risk factors

Answer 31

elevated probability of a negative outcome

Question 32

define modifiable risk factors

Answer 32

risk factor that could be changed through intervention efforts

Question 33

define resilience

Answer 33

good outcomes in spite of serious threats (e.g. victimization)

Question 34

what are protective factors

Answer 34

single friend, defenders, high quality relationships, parenting

Question 35

define external resilience

Answer 35

supportive relationships (attachment, peer relationships)

Question 36

define internal resilience

Answer 36

self esteem, self control, internal locus of control

Question 37

define intervention resilience

Answer 37

any organized attempt to alter individual function or trajectories

Question 38

what are the 3 levels of policy of anti bullying programs

Answer 38

1. Universal school-wide approach
2. Selective programming for children with some involvement in bullying or victimization
3. Selected programs dealing with students having chronic problems with bullying or victimization