CHAPTER 5+6 Flashcards
define bullying
intentional, causes harm, repeated and imbalance of power
how can children acquire power?
advantage of size, strength, age, intelligence, social status and peer groups, knowledge of vulnerabilities
where does canada rank for bullying and victimization?
ranked 26th and 27th out of 35 countries
what did canda rank for mental health?
17th out of 29th
what % of children experience bullying?
38-40%
what did Pepler and Craig find?
over 4 years, 64% of kids have been bullied, every 7 minutes on playground and 25 mins in class
in Pepler and Craig, what did they find about intervention?
adults intervened 4% while peers intervened 11%
define ringleader bulllies
have status goals, want to be admired by others
define neagtive memories - retrospective studies
no one stood up, no one cared, defended victims
what happens when a peer speaks up against bullying?
stops within 10 seconds more than 50% of the time, 88% bystanders, 19% of they intervened
define defended victims
better adjusted than underdefeated
define physical bullying
hitting, shoving, spitting, beating up, stealing, damaging property
define verbal bullying
name calling, mocking, teasing, humilating, threatening, racist (50%)
define social bullying
excluding others from group, gossiping, spreading rumours
define cyberbullying
14-5-%; social media and phones
define sexual bullying
homophobia, sexual touching
define homophobic bullying
involves negative attitudes, beliefs, behaviours towards sexual minorities
what % of LGTBQ youth are targeted for non conforming gender expression and are repeatedly bullied?
94%
what % of Canadian students hear derogatory terms?
70%
how many times likely are LGTBQ youth likely to experience traditional and online bullying as heterosexual youth?
2x and 8x to experience homophobic bullying
differences between cyberbullying vs normal bullying
difficult to determine intent, measure repeated nature, tech can sway balance of power
how likely are youth bullied online likely to commit suicide?
3.44
__ of students who said all or most of their friends have cyberbullied others in previous 6 months reported that they did the same
62%
what are risk factors for bullies?
SES, gender, strength, impulsivity, lack of empathy
what are parental correlates for bullies?
rejection, permissive about aggression, conflict, monitoring
higher levels of empathy among older children predict ____ bullying
MORE
consequences for children who bully
higher loneliness, depression, involvement with dating violence, earlier dating, alcohol and drug use earlier
who are victims?
rejected, anxious, withdrawn, low self esteem
consequences for victim
social anxiety, loneliness, school absenteeism, academic problems, depression
what did kretschmer find in his study about bullying consequences in adulthood?
Perpetrators more likely to use substances and involved in law breaking
Victims poor mental health, less likely to be in education or work, less financially stable, more likely to smoke
define risk factors
elevated probability of a negative outcome
define modifiable risk factors
risk factor that could be changed through intervention efforts
define resilience
good outcomes in spite of serious threats (e.g. victimization)
what are protective factors
single friend, defenders, high quality relationships, parenting
define external resilience
supportive relationships (attachment, peer relationships)
define internal resilience
self esteem, self control, internal locus of control
define intervention resilience
any organized attempt to alter individual function or trajectories
what are the 3 levels of policy of anti bullying programs
- Universal school-wide approach
- Selective programming for children with some involvement in bullying or victimization
- Selected programs dealing with students having chronic problems with bullying or victimization
