Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 3781 > CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what are changes in families today?

A

more single people, less children, changes in childcare, more women in workforce, more divorce and remarriages, same sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which province waited longest before having their first child?

A

BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

are Canadian women waiting longer to have children?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do older mothers feel about parenting?

A

feel more responsible, enjoy it more and have more positive affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do older fathers feel about parenting?

A

3x as likely to have regular responsibility for some part of children’s daily care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what 2 dimensions do parents differ on in terms of parenting styles?

A

emotionality and control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what can emotionality range form?

A

warmth to rejecting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can control range from?

A

demanding to permissive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define authoritative parenting

A

high acceptance and involvement, adaptive conrtrol and appropriate autonomy
encourages children to be independent but places limits and controls on action
verbal give and take is allowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are authoritative outcomes?

A

mature, self controlled, self reliance, achievement oriented, good peer relations and school performance, warmth and involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are peer relationships of children with authoritative parents?

A

lower level of peer conformity, higher social competence and adjustment, positive peer relationships that buffer neg family influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

term to describe authoritative parenting

A

warm and sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define authoritarian parenting

A

restrictive, punitive style where parents force child to follow parents direction and respect work and effort
firm limit and control placed, little verbal exchange is allowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are outcomes of authoritarian parenting?

A

fearful, anxious, vulnerable to stress, low self esteem, commit lower antisocial acts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define indulgent/permissive parenting

A

few demands/control on kids, can do what they want, free expression of child’s impulses, high autonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what terms describe authoritarian parenting

A

“because I said so”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

outcomes of indulgent/permissive parents?

A

dependent, demanding on adults, few goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define uninvolved parenting

A

parent uninvolved with child’s life, indifferent or neglectful, minimize cost in time and effort with child, little monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

outcomes of uninvolved parents

A

poor school achievement, self esteem and delinquency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what punishment is used at adolescence?

A

monitoring (importance of family dinner) and psychological control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what punishment is used at school age?

A

psychological control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what punishment is used at 4 years old?

A

almost 60% spanked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what punishment is used at 2 years old?

A

81% report yelling in anger, 45% spanking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what punishment is used at 12 months?

A

1/3 parents use coercive discipling (slapping, threatening, removing toys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the relationship between corporal punishment and outcomes in childhood/adulthood

A

poor moral interalizaion, quality of relations with parent, mental health, increased rates of criminal/antisocial behaviour and rates of abuse of own child/spouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is associated with insecure avoidant attachment?

A

intrusive and rejecting parenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is associated with insecure ambivalent attachment?

A

unaffectionate and inconsistent parenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is associated with insecure disorganization attachment?

A

neglectful/abusive parenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what did studies find in relation to siblings and friendships?

A

quality of sibling friendship predicts quality of friendships

30
Q

what do kids learn in early childhood?

A

hard transition for firstborns, infants find older siblings comforting and play together by 2nd year and less conflict later

31
Q

what affects sibling relationships in early childhood?

A

temperament, parenting and family context

32
Q

what do kids learn in middle childhood?

A

rivalry increases, but still provide companionship and influence declines in adolescence

33
Q

why do siblings matter?

A

sibling conflict more powerful predictor of outcomes

34
Q

how do birth order and parent child interactions relate?

A

parents may treat siblings differently (non shared experience)

35
Q

what can lead to differential treatment of children?

A

rivalry, externalizing problems and low self esteem

36
Q

define friendship

A

dyadic, reciprocal, equal/prosocial and committed, mutual preference for interaction and quality

37
Q

compared to non-friends, friends have more…?

A

+ interactions, emotional expression, prosocial behaviour, self disclosure but more disagreement and competition

38
Q

define perspective talking

A

ability to assume another person’s perspective and understanding of thoughts and feelings

39
Q

define theory of mind

A

understanding own and others mental states

40
Q

what are examples of theory of mind?

A

make believe play, conflict resolution, negotiation, co-construction of meaning, social interaction with older peers/siblings

41
Q

what is poor perspective linked to?

A

bullying, peer rejection, aggression

42
Q

what does perspective improve?

A

peer status and quality of friendships

43
Q

according to Piaget, what does he think about friendships?

A

think they are horizontal, friends contribute to higher levels of operational thinking

44
Q

define symbolic interaction theory (Sullivan)

A

basis of self esteem comes from others and children are constantly assess their perceived acceptance/rejection

45
Q

what is evidence that infants have friends?

A

matching emotions, sharing toys and prosocial behaviour, simple games, respond to familiar vs unfamiliar peers, dyadic, reciprocal, equal/prosocial and committed over time

46
Q

what happens at 2 1/2 in regards to friendships in children?

A

children spend more social time with other children and less with adults

47
Q

what are the 4 types of play in preschool aged children?

A

onlooker behaviour, parallel play, associative play, cooperative play

48
Q

define onlooker behaviour

A

children watch or talk with other kids engaged in play

49
Q

what % of children engage in onlooker behaviour?

A

1/2

50
Q

define parallel play

A

children play in similar activities but side by side, not together

51
Q

what age is parallel play common in?

A

2 year olds but is gone by 3-4

52
Q

define associative play

A

children play with other kids but don’t share same goa; share toys and may react to other child’s activity but not fully engaged with each other in joint activity

53
Q

example of associative play

A

sharing paint and remarking on another kid’s artwork

54
Q

what age is associative play common in?

A

3-4, less common in 2 year olds

55
Q

define cooperative play

A

at 3-4, kids play cooperatively, reciprocate and share common goals (building sandcastles)

56
Q

what are the 3 stages of friendship?

A

play mate (early childhood), trust (middle childhood), intimacy (adolescence)

57
Q

what is the primary concern in playmate (early childhood)

A

maximize excitement and entertainment and enjoyment through play

58
Q

what is the primary concern in trust (middle childhood)

A

to be included, avoid rejection and present oneself in positive way

59
Q

what is the primary concern in intimacy (adolescence)

A

to explore know and define oneself

60
Q

what is purpose of communication in playmate (early childhood)

A

coordinate play, escalate and de-escalate play activity and talk about and resolve conflict

61
Q

what is purpose of communication in trust (middle childhood)

A

to share negative gossip with others

62
Q

what is purpose of communication in adolescence?

A

disclose oneself to other sand solve problems

63
Q

what is purpose of emotional development in early childhood

A

learn to manage arousal during interaction

64
Q

what is purpose of emotional development in middle childhood

A

acquire rules for showing feelings

65
Q

what is purpose of emotional development in adolescence

A

integrate logic and emotion and understanding of implications for emotions of relationships

66
Q

define companionship

A

spend time in collaborative activities e.g. play sports

67
Q

define stumulation

A

excitement, fun to be around and enjoy their company

68
Q

define ego support

A

support, encouragement, make them feel good about themselves

69
Q

define social comparison

A

where kids stand in relation to others

70
Q

define intimacy

A

warm, close, trusting relationships

PSYCH 3781 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions