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Bio 1113 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Living things are made of 4 classes of large biological molecules

A
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • Nucleic acids
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2
Q

Building polymers

A

Anabolism

Dehydration

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3
Q

Breakdown of polymers

A

Catabolism

Hydrolysis

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars and polymers of sugars

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5
Q

Simple sugars, must have chemical formula that’s some multiple of CH2O

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

2 monosaccharides joined by covalent bond (glycosidic linkage)

A

Disaccharide

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7
Q

Few hundred to thousands of monosaccharides bonded by glycosidic linkages

A

Polysaccharides

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8
Q

Polysaccharide purpose

A

Storage

Structure

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9
Q

Polymer of glucose molecules joined by 1-4 linkages

Plants

A

Starch

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10
Q

Polymer of glucose molecules joined by 1-4 linkages

Animals

A

Glycogen

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11
Q

Component of expskeleton of Arthropods

Polymer of modified glucose molecule

A

Chitin

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12
Q

Component of plant cell walls

Polymer of glucose molecules joined by 1-4 glycosidic linkages

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

Grouped together b/c hydrophobic due to structure

A

Lipids

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14
Q

Not actually a polymer

Constructed from 2 smaller molecules (glycerol and fatty acid)

A

Fats

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15
Q

No double bonds, lots of H

A

Saturated fat

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16
Q

Double bonds and fewer H

A

Unsaturated fat

17
Q

Unsaturated fat + hydrogen atoms

A

Trans fat

18
Q

Characterized by a carbon skeleton w/4 fused rings

A

Steroids

19
Q

Important component of cell membrane

Precursor from which other steroid are made (sex hormones)

A

Cholesterol

20
Q

cholesterol clogs arteries

A

LDL

21
Q

Removed LDL from blood stream

A

HDL

22
Q

Responsible for almost everything an organism does, structurally diverse, wide range of functions

A

Proteins

23
Q

Polymer constructed from amino acids

A

Polypeptides

24
Q

Why are the 10 amino acids “essential amino acids”?

A

Body can’t produce them

25
Q

Chain of amino acids (level of protein structure)

A

Primary

26
Q

Hydrogen bonds between atoms of polypeptide chain, α helix, β sheet (level of protein structure)

A

Secondary

27
Q

Interactions between R groups (level of protein structure)

A

Tertiary

28
Q

Aggression of multiple polypeptides, not found in all proteins (level of protein structure)

A

Quaternary

29
Q

Misfolded proteins are associated with:

A

Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
Mad cow disease

30
Q

DNA &RNA are the two types of:

A

Nucleic acids

31
Q

Provides instructions for life

A

DNA

32
Q

Translates instructions into proteins

A

RNA

33
Q

Nucleotides are joined by bonds known as:

A

Phosphodiester linkages

34
Q

Adenine pairs w/

A

Thymine

35
Q

Guanine pairs w/

A

Cytosine

36
Q

DNA contains:

A

ACGT

Deoxyribose

37
Q

RNA contains:

A

ACGU

Ribose

Bio 1113 (13 decks)

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