Chapter 5

Question 1

Living things are made of 4 classes of large biological molecules

Answer 1

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• Nucleic acids

Question 2

Building polymers

Answer 2

Anabolism

Dehydration

Question 3

Breakdown of polymers

Answer 3

Catabolism

Hydrolysis

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Sugars and polymers of sugars

Question 5

Simple sugars, must have chemical formula that’s some multiple of CH2O

Answer 5

Monosaccharides

Question 6

2 monosaccharides joined by covalent bond (glycosidic linkage)

Answer 6

Disaccharide

Question 7

Few hundred to thousands of monosaccharides bonded by glycosidic linkages

Answer 7

Polysaccharides

Question 8

Polysaccharide purpose

Answer 8

Storage

Structure

Question 9

Polymer of glucose molecules joined by 1-4 linkages

Plants

Answer 9

Starch

Question 10

Polymer of glucose molecules joined by 1-4 linkages

Animals

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

Component of expskeleton of Arthropods

Polymer of modified glucose molecule

Answer 11

Chitin

Question 12

Component of plant cell walls

Polymer of glucose molecules joined by 1-4 glycosidic linkages

Answer 12

Cellulose

Question 13

Grouped together b/c hydrophobic due to structure

Answer 13

Lipids

Question 14

Not actually a polymer

Constructed from 2 smaller molecules (glycerol and fatty acid)

Answer 14

Fats

Question 15

No double bonds, lots of H

Answer 15

Saturated fat

Question 16

Double bonds and fewer H

Answer 16

Unsaturated fat

Question 17

Unsaturated fat + hydrogen atoms

Answer 17

Trans fat

Question 18

Characterized by a carbon skeleton w/4 fused rings

Answer 18

Steroids

Question 19

Important component of cell membrane

Precursor from which other steroid are made (sex hormones)

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

cholesterol clogs arteries

Answer 20

LDL

Question 21

Removed LDL from blood stream

Answer 21

HDL

Question 22

Responsible for almost everything an organism does, structurally diverse, wide range of functions

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

Polymer constructed from amino acids

Answer 23

Polypeptides

Question 24

Why are the 10 amino acids “essential amino acids”?

Answer 24

Body can’t produce them

Question 25

Chain of amino acids (level of protein structure)

Answer 25

Primary

Question 26

Hydrogen bonds between atoms of polypeptide chain, α helix, β sheet (level of protein structure)

Answer 26

Secondary

Question 27

Interactions between R groups (level of protein structure)

Answer 27

Tertiary

Question 28

Aggression of multiple polypeptides, not found in all proteins (level of protein structure)

Answer 28

Quaternary

Question 29

Misfolded proteins are associated with:

Answer 29

Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
Mad cow disease

Question 30

DNA &RNA are the two types of:

Answer 30

Nucleic acids

Question 31

Provides instructions for life

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

Translates instructions into proteins

Answer 32

RNA

Question 33

Nucleotides are joined by bonds known as:

Answer 33

Phosphodiester linkages

Question 34

Adenine pairs w/

Answer 34

Thymine

Question 35

Guanine pairs w/

Answer 35

Cytosine

Question 36

DNA contains:

Answer 36

ACGT

Deoxyribose

Question 37

RNA contains:

Answer 37

ACGU

Ribose