Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Mutation in cells own DNA
A
Cancer
2
Q
Confined locally, responds to treatment, doesn’t recur
A
Benign
3
Q
Spread to other parts of body, doesn’t respond to therapy, often comes back
A
Malignant
4
Q
Whys cancer likeliness increase with age?
A
Exposed to more, more time for mutations to develop
5
Q
2 types of genes associated with cancer
A
Oncogenes
Tumor suppressor
6
Q
Genes that when mutates or over expressed can contribute to turning a normal cell into a cancer cell
A
Proto-oncogene
7
Q
3 basic types of activation in oncogenes
A
- Mutation which changes protein structure
- increase in protein concentration
- chromosomal translocation
8
Q
Genes which have a repressive effect on regulation of cell cycle or promote apoptosis (follow 2-hit hypothesis-both copies of gene must be non-functional)
A
Tumor suppressors
9
Q
“The guardian of the genome”
- tumor suppressor
- regulated cell cycle
- mutated in 1/2 cancers
A
p53
10
Q
Uncontrolled proliferation Evasion of growth suppressors Resistance to apoptosis Develop replicative immortality Induce angiogenesis Invasion and metastasis Changed energy metabolism Immune system evasion Genomic instability Inflammation
A
Hallmarks of cancer
