Chapter 5+5.5: Cell Division

Question 1

What are the factors that limit cell growth?

Answer 1

1. demands on DNA

2. exchange of materials

Question 2

How do materials move within the cell?

Answer 2

diffusion

Question 3

How are materials transported across the cell membrane?

Answer 3

diffusion from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Question 4

How are the surface area and volume ratios related?

Answer 4

the cell can no longer act efficiently once it reaches a certain point, so it must divide

Question 5

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 5

1. diverse offspring
2. adaptability
3. can live in different environments

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

1. time-consuming
2. genetic malfunction
3. imbalances the ecosystem

Question 7

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 7

1. quick process
2. many organisms are produced
3. energy-efficient

Question 8

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 8

1. lack of diversity
2. unable to adapt to changing environments
3. risk of overpopulation

Question 9

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 9

1. G1
2. S
3. G2
4. M phase

Question 10

What happens in each stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 10

G1: cell growth and DNA assessment

S: cell replication and chromosome replication

G2: DNA replication and assists in production of organelles and molecules specific to cell division

Question 11

cyclins

Answer 11

proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Question 12

What are the parts of a chromosome?

Answer 12

1. sister chromatids

2. centromere

Question 13

sister chromatids

Answer 13

2 identical chromosomes

Question 14

centromere

Answer 14

a region of microtubules where the spindle attaches

Question 15

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 15

1. prophase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase

Question 16

What occurs in each phase of mitosis?

Answer 16

prophase: breakdown of the nuclear membrance; centrioles separate and spindles start to form
metaphase: chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell; spindles attach to the centromere of chromosomes
anaphase: chromatids separate from each other; chromosomes migrate along the spindles to opposite ends of the cell
telophase: chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell and distend into chromatids

Question 17

What do spindle fibers do?

Answer 17

separate chromosomes

Question 18

When are chromosomes shown in a cell?

Answer 18

during metaphase

Question 19

Are parent cells and daughter cells identical?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

What does mitosis in plant cells do?

Answer 20

forms a cell plate between the new cells that will eventually develop into a cell wall

Question 21

What does mitosis in animal cells do?

Answer 21

produces identical copies of a cell

Question 22

cancer

Answer 22

a cell that do not respond to the signals that regulate growth throughout most cells

Question 23

What are the causes of cancer?

Answer 23

1. smoking
2. radiation exposure
3. viral infection
4. chemical exposure

Question 24

tumor-supressor gene

Answer 24

p53 stops the cell cycle until chromosomes have been properly regulated

Question 25

apoptosis

Answer 25

cell death