Chapter 2: The Molecule of Cells

Question 1

What type of molecule is carbon based?

Answer 1

molecules of living things

Question 2

How many bonds can carbon form?

Answer 2

4 covalent bonds that can be double or triple

Question 3

What can molecules do?

Answer 3

bond to itself

Question 4

What can molecules form?

Answer 4

long chains

Question 5

How many types of organic molecules are there?

Answer 5

4: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 6

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

Answer 6

the saccharide

Question 7

What is a single monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

simple sugar

Question 8

complex sugars

Answer 8

disaccharides and polysaccharides of carbohydrates

Question 9

How do monomers bond?

Answer 9

through glycocidic linkage

Question 10

What can polysaccaharides be?

Answer 10

storage or structural

Question 11

lipids

Answer 11

fats, oils, and waxes

Question 12

What are lipids surrounded by?

Answer 12

chains of carbon surrounded by hydrogen (hydrocarbons) with small amounts of oxygen (a carboxyl group)

Question 13

saturated fats

Answer 13

fatty acid molecules that lack double bonds between the carbons of its hydrocarbon chain

Question 14

unsaturated fats

Answer 14

fatty acid molecules that contain double bonds between some carbons of its hydrocarbon chain

Question 15

polyunsaturated fats

Answer 15

fatty acid molecules that contain more than one double bond in their backbone

Question 16

phospholipids

Answer 16

the bases of cell membranes (a phosphate group. glycerol, and fatty acid chains)

Question 17

proteins

Answer 17

chains of amino acids

Question 18

amino acids

Answer 18

an amino group, a carboxyl group, and some functional attachment

Question 19

What is the first level of organization in proteins?

Answer 19

the primary structure: the linear sequence of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 20

What is the second level of organization in proteins?

Answer 20

the secondary structure: when the polypeptide takes on a certain orientation in space (twisted or folded)

Question 21

What is the third level of organization in proteins?

Answer 21

the tertiary structure: the final 3-d structure (the chain of amino acids fold on itself)

Question 22

What is the fourth level of organization in proteins?

Answer 22

the quaternary structure: polypeptides separate from polypeptide chains (two or more chains attach to each other)

Question 23

nucleic acids

Answer 23

a chain of nucleotides

Question 24

What is the general structure of a nucleotide?

Answer 24

phosphates, 5-carbon sugars, and nitrogenous bases