Chapter 5 Flashcards
Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together
aggregate
People ,objects ,and events that have similar characteristics and are classified together
Category
__ are influential that they determine who we are.
Groups
Small groups ,intimate ,long-term ,face-to-face association and cooperation, form social nature and ideals of the individual
Primary Groups
When __ are dysfunctional, they create dysfunctional adults that make life harder for others
Primary Groups
__have become your mirror within
Primary Groups
Large, temporary, more anonymous, formal, impersonal group based on some interest or activity , and fail at satisfing our deep for intimate association
Secondary Groups
Groups made of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest; also known as voluntary membership and voluntary organizations
Voluntary Association
Robert Michel’s term for the tendency of formal organizations dominated by a small, self perpetuation elite
Iron law of Oligarchy
A group toward which one feels loyalty
In-group
A group toward which one feels antagonism
Out-group
__ and __ lead to discrimination, hatred, and murder
“we” ; “me”
__ and __ are a natural part of social life, but both have functional and dysfunctional consequences
In-groups ; Out-groups
A group who standards refer to as we evaluate other
Reference Group
The social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together
Social Networks
A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another
Clique
Who lead the phrase “six degrees of seperation. Everyone in the U.S. is seperated by 6 people. “ Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon”
Stanley Milgram
Who concluded that people do not know each other and seperated by social barriers
Judith Kleinfeld
“Rather than living in a small world, we may live in a world that looks like a bowl of lumpy oatmeal, with may worlds loosely connected and perhaps some small worlds not connected at all”
Judith Kleinfeld
A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear divison of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications, and records
Bureaucracy
5 Bureaucracies __(not a real blank)
1 Seperate Levels 2 Division of Labor 3 Written Rules 4 Written Communications 5 Imprsonality and replaceability
An organization replacing old goals with new one’s; also known as goal replacement
Goal Displacement
A rule is a rule bound by rules that result in defy logic
Red Tape
Marx’s term for workers’ lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product; leads to feeling powerlessness and normlessness
Alienation
Preconnected ideas of what someone is like that lead to the person’s behaving in ways that match the sterotype
Self-fulfilling Sterotype
Sterotypes of the traits that make for high-performing and underperforming workers
Hidden corporate culture
The ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals
Group Dynamics
Who analyzed how group size affects people’s behavior
George Simmel
The smallest possible group, consisting of two persons
Dyad
A group of three people, unstable, and produces coalitions
Triad
An individual who tries to keep the group moving towards its goal
Instrumental leader
An individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in group
Expressive leader
Individual that leads by giving orders
Authoritarian leader
Individual trying to reach a consensus
Democratic leader
Being highly permissive
Laissez- faire leader
A narrowing of thought by people, leading to perception that there is only one correct and any other answer is a sign of disloyalty
Group-think
