Chapter 3 Flashcards
The entire human environment, including interactions with others
social environment
Children who couldn’t speak, they bit, scratched, growled, walked on all fours, ate grass, tore at raw meat, and showed insensitivity to pain and cold
feral children
The longer the children lack stimulating __, though, the more __ they have intellectually. Experiment Name ?
Interaction and difficulty; The Skeels/Dye Experiment
The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group
socialization
The unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves “from the outside”; the views we internalize of how others see us
self
The process by which our self develops through internalizing others reactions of us
looking-glass self
Self-concept begins in __ , its development is on ongoing, __ process
Childhood; Lifelong
Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks, so you anticipate how that person will act
Taking the role of the other
An individual who significantly influences someone else
Significant Other
The norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general
Generalized other
2 Parts the self is made of
I and me
Who pointed out that children go through a natural process as they learn how to reason
Jean Piaget
The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females
Gender
Learning society’s gender map, the paths in life set our for us because we are male and female
Gender Socialization
Who introduces us to the gender map
Parents
Parents who shows less gender sterotyping and their children don’t conform to traditional ideals
Gay & Lesbian Parents
A group of individuals often of roughly the same age and linked by common interest
Peer groups
A social condition in which privilege and obligations given to some but denied to others
Social Inequality
People or groups that affect our self concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life
Agents of Socialization
The process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status
Anticipatory Socialization
The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
Resocialization
A place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them
Total Institution
A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone’s self by stripping away that individual’s self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place
Degradation Ceremony
The stages of our life as we go from birth to death
Life Course
The looking-glass self relates to the concept of me by __________.
helping us to see ourselves as we think others see us, which allows the objective “me” to form
For what reason do sociologists study twins who were separated at birth?
They are biologically similar but have different upbringings.
Which common saying advocates anticipatory socialization?
“Dress for the job you want, not the job you have.”
Many high school and college students enjoy the excitement and control of __________.
video games
How has being elderly in the United States changed recently?
People who are in good health today are coming to experience their 60s not as old age, but as an extension of their middle years.
What was the purpose of splitting the babies into two groups in Skeels and Dye’s experiment?
One-half received special treatment.
The example of the 13-year-old girl named Genie who was locked in a small room since she was 20 months of age shows that __________.
early interactions are necessary for normal development
Pash Keqi is unique because she __________ in Albania.
took on men’s roles
Children of immigrants typically feel __________ about assimilating.
conflicted
What is one disadvantage of being an isolated child?
A lack of idea sharing
Peer groups among grade school children -both boys and girls -tend to value __________.
conformity
Deborah has started to worry about her health and schedules monthly checkups with her doctor to make sure she is in good physical shape. She also finds herself frequently thinking about what she has accomplished and what she had hoped to achieve in her career. From this information, you can infer that Deborah is most likely in her __________.
later middle years
Parents who experience more __________ at work are more likely to rely on __________ to socialize their children.
autonomy; reasoning
Saul, a fifth grader, is in an anger management group. He is role-playing with his group in order to understand how his classmates feel when he screams at them. Which sociologist’s theories support this type of instruction?
George Herbert Mead
Gender __________ are the methods society uses to tell us how males and females are expected to act.
messages
In many tribal societies, the passage into adulthood is marked by __________.
initiation rites
What part of the experiment performed by Skeels and Dye would be challenged today?
They limited visual and physical stimulation for all the babies.
Who wrote, “Each to each a looking-glass/Reflects the other that doth pass”?
Charles Horton Cooley
What did Skeels and Dye learn about institutionalized children?
Institutionalized children had low IQs, because of the absence of human interactions.
Studying the twins, Jack and Oskar, teaches sociologists that __________.
social experiences override biology
Which of the following is one way in which modern sociologists have refined Piaget’s theory of development?
They posit that some people do not progress through all stages.
Which of the following is a reason schoolchildren three hundred years ago made to witness executions?
To scare children into good behavior
According to sociologists Patricia and Peter Adler, a high school girl who is overweight and shy will likely be __________.
ostracized
How do Piaget’s and Freud’s views on human development differ?
Freud believed that people were passive in their own development, while Piaget thought that they were active in their growth.
Why might a teenage girl suddenly start listening to a new type of music?
She is experiencing anticipatory socialization.
