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Intro to Sociology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 Levels of Analysis

A

Macrosociology & Microsociology

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2
Q

Analysis of social life that focuses on the broad features of society, such as social class and the relationships (used by functionalists/conflict theorists)

A

Macrosociology

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3
Q

Analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction (used by symbolic interactionists)

A

Microsociology

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4
Q

What people do in one another’s presence

A

Social Interaction

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5
Q

The framework of society that surround us; consist of the ways that people and groups are related to one another; the framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior

A

Social Structure

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6
Q

The difference in our behavior and attitudes are not because of __ (race-ethnicity, sex, or genetic features), but to our __ in the social structure.

A

Biology; Location

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7
Q

Determines what kind of people we will become (language, values, behaviors, ideals, and attitudes)

A

Culture

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8
Q

Influences our behaviors, ideals, and attitudes

A

Social Class

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9
Q

Provides guidelines on how we should act/feel

A

Social Status

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10
Q

The position that someone occupies in a social group

A

Status

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11
Q

All positions that an individual occupies (such as homeowner, spouse, and parent)

A

Status Sets

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12
Q

A position an individual inherits at birth / recieves involutarily later in life

A

Ascribed Status

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13
Q

Positions that are earned , accomplished, or involve at least some effort

A

Achieved Status

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14
Q

Indicators of a status (such as a police uniform or a wedding ring)

A

Status Symbol

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15
Q

A status that dominaces other status (such as noticing a the male waiter)

A

Master Status

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16
Q

Ranking high on some dimensions of social status and low on others (ex. R. Kelly & younger girls)

A

Status Inconsistency

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17
Q

The behaviors, obligations, & privileges attached to a status

A

Roles

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18
Q

People who interact with one another and who believe that what they have in common is significant (also called a social group)

A

Group

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19
Q

The organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs (ex. family, religion, the economy, media, ect.)

A

Social Institutions

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20
Q

What perspective believes that society need to survive & works together in harmony for the common good

A

Functionlist Perspective

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21
Q

What perspective believes that society need to survive & does NOT works together in harmony for the common good

A

The Conflict Perspective

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22
Q

The degree at which members of a society are united by shared values & bonds (also known as social cohesion)

A

Social Integration

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23
Q

Durkeim’s term for the unity that people feel as a result of performing that same or similar tasks

A

Mechanical Solidarity

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24
Q

The splitting of a group’s or a society’s tasks into specialities

A

Divison of Labor

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25
Q

Durkheim’s term for interdependence that results from the divison of labor; as of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs (ex. heart and lungs)

A

Organic Solidarity

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26
Q

A type of society in which life is intimate; everyone knows everyone

A

Geminschaft

27
Q

A type of society dominated by impersonal, individual accomplishments, and self-interest

A

Gesellschaft

28
Q

What distance is 18 in. and is used for touching an hugging

A

Intimate Distance

29
Q

What distance is 18 in. to 2 ft and is used for friends, acquintances, and normal conversations

A

Personal Distance

30
Q

What distance is 4 to 12 ft and is used for impersonal or formal relations

A

Social Distance

31
Q

What distance is beyond 12 ft and is even more formal

A

Public Distance

32
Q

An approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or the stage (also called dramatyrgical analysis)

A

Dramaturgy

33
Q

People’s efforts to control that others receive of them stages

A

Impression management

34
Q

Place where people give performances

A

Front Stage

35
Q

Rest from performances discuss and plan future /past presentations

A

Back Stage

36
Q

In which someone performs a role; showing a particular “style” or “personality” (ex. daughter role or cashier)

A

Role Performance

37
Q

Conflicts that someone feels between role because the expectations at odds with one another

A

Role Conflict

38
Q

Conflicts with a role (ex. student knowing an answer but not raising their hand so they won’t make students feel bad)

A

Role Strain

39
Q

Term used by Goffman to refer to how people use social setting , appreance, and manner to communicate info about the self

A

Sign-Vechicles

40
Q

Place where the action unfolds

A

Social Setting

41
Q

How you look when you play roles

A

Apperance

42
Q

Attitudes showed as you play roles

A

Manner

43
Q

Collaboration of 2 or more people

A

Teamwork

44
Q

Techniques used to salvage a performance

A

Face-saving behavior

45
Q

The study of how people use background assumptions to make common sense of life

A

Ethnomethodology

46
Q

A deeply embedded, common understanding of how the world operates and how people ought to act

A

Background Assumptions

47
Q

William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas classic formulation of the definition of the situation

A

Thomas Theorem

48
Q

The use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real

A

Social Construction of Reality

49
Q

What characterizes a stereotype?

A

It is a simplified description applied to every person in some category.

50
Q

Religion, class, and interests are all part of our __________ that affects how we perceive the world.

A

social structure

51
Q

Which of the following statements explains the relationship between interactions and how we control our personal bubble?

A

We control eye contact with other people.

52
Q

If Ferdinand Tönnies wanted to find a village that exhibited what he called Gemeinshaft, he could look to __________.

A

the Amish communities in United States

53
Q

The family gives the newcomer to society a sense of belonging by providing __________, an account of how he or she is related to others.

A

a lineage

54
Q

Eye contact is an example of __________.

A

social interaction

55
Q

Which of the following is an example of norms pertaining to the social institution of religion?

A

A child attending a church’s Sunday school

56
Q

Roles are remarkably effective at __________.

A

keeping people in line

57
Q

Societies with organic solidarity __________.

A

use a specialized division of labor

58
Q

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between the social construction of reality and the definition of the situation?

A

Reality is a social construction based on how we define the situation.

59
Q

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding social status?

A

Both ascribed and achieved statuses provide guidelines for how we are to act and feel.

60
Q

Cindy acts casually around her friends but formally around her coworkers. When she gets together with her in-laws, she is polite and reserved; however, when she is alone with her husband and children, she is extroverted and witty. Erving Goffman would present Cindy’s behavior as an example of __________.

A

dramaturgical analysis

61
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a role and a status?

A

You occupy a status, but you play a role.

62
Q

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding master status?

A

The master status of an 87-year-old retired police officer is that he is old.

63
Q

The differences in people?s behavior and attitudes are due to __________.

A

their location in the social structure

Intro to Sociology (5 decks)

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