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Intro to Sociology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and objects that characterize a group and are passed from one generation to another

A

Culture

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2
Q

Materials that distinguish a group of people

A

Material culture

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3
Q

A group’s way of thinking and acting

A

Nonmaterial culture

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4
Q

The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a different culture and can no longer depend on their assumptions of life

A

Culture shock

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5
Q

The use of one’s own culture as a yardstick for judging other individuals/ societies also leading to a negative evaluation

A

Ethnocentrism

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6
Q

Not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms

A

Cultural Relativism

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7
Q

Symbolic Culture=

A

Nonmaterial Culture

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8
Q

Something people attach a meaning and use to communicate

A

Symbol

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9
Q

Using one’s body to communicate

A

Gestures

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10
Q

Different gestures are __ around the world

A

Offensive

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11
Q

There are NO __ , ONLY

A

Universal Gestures ; Expressions

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12
Q

The standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beatiful or ugly

A

Values

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13
Q

Expectation of “right” behavior

A

Norms

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14
Q

Expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms/ expressions of disapproval for violating them

A

Sanctions

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15
Q

An award/ positive reaction for following norms ranging from smile to a material reward

A

Positive Sanctions

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16
Q

An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as from to prison sentence

A

Negative Sanctions

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17
Q

Norms that are not strictly enforced

A

Folkways

18
Q

Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought to be essential to core values or the well-being of the group

A

Mores

19
Q

A norm so strong that it brings extreme sanction, even revulsion if violated

A

Taboo

20
Q

The values and related behaviors of a group that distinguishes its members from the larger culture (a world within a world)

A

Subculture

21
Q

A group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members opposition to the broader culture

A

Counterculture

22
Q

A society made up of many different groups

A

Pluralistic Society

23
Q

The values that are central to a group and builds a common identity

A

Core Values

24
Q

Values that together form a large whole

A

Value Cluster

25
Q

Values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other

A

Value Contradiction

26
Q

A person’s ideal values and norms, goals held out to them

A

Ideal Culture

27
Q

The norms and values that people actually follow; as opposed to ideal culture

A

Real Culture

28
Q

A value, norm, or other cultural trait is found in every group

A

Cultural Universal

29
Q

A framework is considered to be the result of natural selection and biological factors

A

Sociobiology

30
Q

Human behavior lagging behind technological innovations

A

Culture lag

31
Q

The spread of cultural traits from one group to another

A

Cultural diffusion

32
Q

Cultures become similar

A

Cultural leveling

33
Q

“The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water” refers to

A

Culture within us

34
Q

In regard to standards of beauty, cultures around the world tend to be __________.

A

ethnocentric

35
Q

What is central to a group’s material culture?

A

Technology

36
Q

Material culture is generated __ than nonmaterial culture.

A

faster

37
Q

Self-fulfillment and concern for the environment are similar in that they both are __________.

A

emerging values in U.S. culture

38
Q

Language allows culture to develop by __________.

A

freeing people to move beyond their immediate experiences

39
Q

Based on your reading of the chapter-opening vignette, which of the following most shocked the author during his visit to Morocco?

A

Both the material culture and the nonmaterial culture of Morocco were very different from what he was used to in the United States.

40
Q

Compared to the German American population, Latinos in Miami, Florida, have been slower to accept the English language. Which of the following is most responsible for this finding?

A

The United States shares a border with Mexico and experiences steady immigration both from Mexico and Latin America. The United States does not share a border with Germany.

41
Q

The family of Gunther Schmidt immigrated to the United States from Germany in the late 1800s. Gunther himself is a fully-assimilated German American who wears the same types of clothes, eats the same kinds of foods, and enjoys the same kinds of concerts and sporting events as his friends do. Gunther also speaks only English, even at home and in the homes of his relatives; he knows only a few German words and phrases. Gunther most probably is a(n) __________ German American.

A

third-generation

Intro to Sociology (5 decks)

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