chapter 5 Flashcards
first impressions of personality
these are actually pretty accurate, but for some more than others
- attributes of personality in first impressions: face (agreeableness, openess, sexual orientation, ect) , tone of voice, the way they dress, the way their space looks
- the closer you get to someone the better the judgment becomes
4 variables that affect the accuracy of a judgment
- the good judge
- the good target
- the good trait
- good information
realistic accuracy model (RAM)
this is something used to judge the accuracy of personality judgment
- this describes accuracy as a function of the relevance, availability, detection, and utilization of behavioural cues
- relevance: informative to the trait being judged
- available: in a manner and place that the judge can see it
- detection: judge notices the information
- utilization: accurately remember and correctly interpret the information
why does the accuracy of an everyday person even matter
- because these judgments are made way more often than psychologists (everyone does it)
- understanding others leads to better interactions and decisions
the consequences of judging someone else
if you judge someone else it can create self fulfilling prophecies for them and expectancy effects (if you expect something of them they may unintentionally try to fulfill it)
- this is why its important to have accurate judgments of someone
- it affects the opportunities that you give that person (jobs, friendship, ect)
rosenthal and jacobson (1968): pygmalion effect
- this is the intellectual expectancy effect
- basically the expectations that the teachers had on the kids affected their performances
snyder, tanke, and berschied (1977)
- this was the self fulfilling prophecy
- it is part of the social expectancy effect
- so they examined the effect of attractiveness on a conversation
- they saw that there was the stereotype that people who are better looking are thought to be better in all sorts of ways
- so basically we actually become what other people perceive/misperceive us to be
expectancies in real life
- expectancies on us are actually likely to be correct as they are usually based on what they have seen in us
- expectancies from other people have a really strong affect on us if people have them for a long time and if it is someone important to us
criteria for accuracy of a judgment
1) do your judgments match up with other peoples judgments of that person
2) do your judgements line up with their behaviour?
if they do then your judgements are probably pretty accurate
4 moderators of accuracy: the good judge
- men vs women, the findings are mixed
- intelligent and conscientious
- socially orientated: someone who is likes communicating, someone socially skilled, openness, positive, ect
- likes others
- motivated
4 moderators of of accuracy: the good target
someone who “what you see is what you get”
- someone who is stable and organized
- has specific traits: extraverted, agreeable, ect
- these people are usually related to positivity and happiness
4 moderators of accuracy: the good trait
-easy to observe
-judgments are not socially constructed and based on communication
-
4 moderators for accuracy: good information
- quantity: more info is usually better (especially in some traits), the length of being eith someone didnt really change anything
- quality: weak vs strong situations, stressful/emotionally arousing situations, thoughts and feelings vs daily activities, unstructured vs structured situations, the best situation is one that brings out the trait you want to see
