Chapter 5 Flashcards
Recall
A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term
Faction
The term founders used to refer to political parties and special interests or interest groups
Pluralism
A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted powered by anyone group
Interest group
A collection of people who share a common interest or attitude and seek to influence government for specific ends. Interest groups usually work within the framework of government and try to achieve their goals through tactics such as lobbying
Social movement
A large body of people interested in common issue, idea, or concern that is of continuing significance and who are willing to take action. Movements seek to change attitudes or institutions not just policies
Open shop
A company with a labor agreement under which union membership cannot be required as a condition of employment
Closed shop
A company with a labor agreement under which union membership can be a condition of employment
Free rider
An individual who does not join a group representing his or her interests yet received the benefit of the groups influence
Professional associations
Groups of individuals who share a common profession and are often organized for common political purposes related to that profession
Nongovernmental organization
A nonprofit association or group operating outside government that advocates and pursues policy objectives
Collective action
How groups form and organized to pursue their goals and objectives’s, including how to get individuals and groups to participate and cooperate. The term has many applications in the various social sciences such as political science sociology and economics
Public choice
Synonyms with collective action specifically studies how government officials politician and loaders respond to positive and negative incentives
Lobbying
Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators and the policies they enact
Federal register
An official document published every weekday that lists the new and proposed regulations of executive departments and regulatory agencies
Amicus curiae brief
Literally a friend of the court brief, filed by an individual Or organization urging the supreme court to hear a case (or discouraging it from doing so) or at the merits stage, to present arguments in addition to those presented by the immediate parties to a case
Super PACs
Independent expenditure only packs are known as super packed because they may except donations of any size and can endorse candidates. Their contributions and expenditures must be periodically reported the FEC
Bundling
A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a bundle thus increasing the packs influence
Lobbyist
A person who is employed by and ask for an organized interest group or corporation to try to influence policy decisions and positions in the executive and legislative branches
Revolving door
Employment cycle in which individuals who work for government agencies that regulate interests eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern
Issue network
Relationships among interest groups, congressional committees and subcommittees and the government agencies that share a common policy concern
Political action committee or PAC
The political arm of an interest group that is legally entitled to raise funds on a voluntary basis from members, stockholders, or employees to contribute funds to candidates for political parties
Leadership PAC
APAC formed by and officeholder that collects contributions from individuals and other parks and then make contributions to other candidates and political parties
Bipartisan campaign reform act
Largely band party soft money, restored long-standing prohibition on corporations and labor unions use of general treasury funds for electro purposes, and near of the definition of issue advocacy
Independent expenditures
The Supreme Court has ruled the individuals groups and parties can spend unlimited amounts in campaigns for or against candidates as long as they operate independently from the candidates. When an individual group or party just so they are making an independent expenditure
Issue advocacy
Unlimited an undisclosed spending by individual or group on communications that do not use words like vote for or vote against although much of this activity is actually about electing or defeating candidates
527 organization
A political group organized under section 527 of the IRS code that may except and spend unlimited amounts of money on election activities so long as they do not spend on broadcast ads running last 30 days before a primary or 60 days before a general election in which a clearly identified for two and a relevant collect were late is targeted
Collective-bargaining
The process in which a union represents a group of employees in negotiations with the employer about wages, benefits, and workplace safety
