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AP N > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

social leadership

A

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support

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2
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

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3
Q

set point

A

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set

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4
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

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5
Q

sexual response cycle

A

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters an Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

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6
Q

instinct

A

a complex behaviour that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

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7
Q

motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes and directs behaviour

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8
Q

flow

A

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills

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9
Q

Theory X

A

assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money, and should be directed from above.

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10
Q

task leadership

A

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

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11
Q

achievement motivation

A

a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

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12
Q

structural interviews

A

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

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13
Q

organizational psychology

A

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

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14
Q

personnel psychology

A

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

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15
Q

industrial-organizational psychology

A

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behaviour in workplaces

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16
Q

sexual disorder

A

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

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17
Q

sexual orientation

A

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex or the other sex

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18
Q

estrogen

A

a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity

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19
Q

refractory period

A

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

20
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

21
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

22
Q

glucose

A

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

23
Q

incentive

A

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behaviour

24
Q

homeostasis

A

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

25
Q

drive-reduction theory

A

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

26
Q

Theory Y

A

assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity.

27
Q

motivation

A

Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal.

28
Q

Instincts & Evolutionary Psychology

A

Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout different species and are not learned (Tinbergen, 1951).

29
Q

Primary Drive

A

Internal mechanisms directing behavior dealing with sustaining processes biologically necessary for survival such as thirst, hunger and sex.

30
Q

Secondary Drive

A

Internal mechanisms directing learned behaviors as being desired, such as power or wealth.

31
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

For easy tasks, moderately high arousal is needed to do well.

For difficult, moderately low, and average tasks – a moderate level of arousal is needed.

Example: When first learning to drive a car, we drive best if not too anxious. Later, we may need the radio on while driving for best performance.

32
Q

what are the hiercachy of neeeds from lowest to highest

A 
physioligocal needs-
safety needs-
belongingess and love needs
esteem needs- 
selfactualization needs-
33
Q

physiological aspects that make you hungry

A 
Hormones 
Stomach Contractions
Glucose
Role of Hypothalamus
Set Point
34
Q

Psychological factors that make you hungry

A 
Garcia Effect
Memory (Rozin Study)
Availability (Rodin Study)
Attractiveness
Culture
35
Q

Stomach Contractions in relation to hunger

A

Stomach contractions (pangs) send signals to the brain making us aware of our hunger.

36
Q

glucose levels in relation to hunger

A

The glucose level in blood is maintained. Insulin decreases glucose in the blood, making us feel hungry.
glucose helps us feel more full

37
Q

lateral (side) side of hypothalamus

A

When stimulated, causes animals to eat

When destroyed, causes animals to starve

38
Q

Ventromedial (low-middle) of hypothalamus

A

When stimulated, causes animals to starve

When destroyed, causes animals to eat

39
Q

how are glucose signals sent to the brain

A

Levels of glucose in the blood are monitored by receptors (neurons) in the stomach, liver, and intestines. They send signals to the hypothalamus in the brain.

40
Q

what happens when there is a reduction in the amount of blood glucose

A

The reduction of blood glucose stimulates orexin in the LH, which leads rats to eat ravenously.

41
Q

what happens durin the excitement stages

A

Genitals become engorged with blood. Vagina expands secretes lubricant. Penis enlarges.

42
Q

Plateau

A

Excitement peaks such as breathing, pulse and blood pressure.

43
Q

Orgasm

A

Contractions all over the body. Increase in breathing, pulse & blood pressure. Sexual release.

44
Q

Resolution

A

Engorged genital release blood. Male goes through refractory phase. Women resolve faster.

45
Q

Intrinsic

A

A desire to perform a behavior for its

own sake and to be effective.

46
Q

Extrinsic

A

A desire to perform a behavior due to
a promised reward or threat of
punishment

AP N (28 decks)

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