Chapter 3

Question 1

Unitary system

Answer 1

A constitutional arrangement that concentrates power in a central government

Question 2

Confederation

Answer 2

A constitutional arrangement in which sovereign nations or states by compact create a central government but carefully limit its powers and do not give it direct authority over individuals

Question 3

Delegated powers

Answer 3

Powers given explicitly to the national Government and listed in the Constitution

Question 4

Implied powers

Answer 4

Powers inferred from the expressed powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions

Question 5

Necessary and proper clause

Answer 5

The clause in the Constitution setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress in addition to its expressed powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all other powers the Constitution invest in the national government

Question 6

Inherent powers

Answer 6

The power of the national government in for affairs at the Supreme Court has declared do not depend unconstitutional grants but rather grow out of the national government obligation to protect the nation from domestic and foreign threats

Question 7

Supremacy clause

Answer 7

Contained in article 5 of the constitution, the clause gives national laws the absolute power even Wednesday to have enacted a competing law

Question 8

Commerce clause

Answer 8

The clause in the Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations

Question 9

Federal mandate

Answer 9

A requirement the national government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds

Question 10

Reserve powers

Answer 10

All powers not specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution which are given to the statesThere is her powers can be found in the 10th amendment to Constitution

Question 11

Concurrent powers

Answer 11

Powers of the Constitution gives to both the national and state government such as the power to levy taxes

Question 12

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 12

The clause in the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to except public records and act as valid

Question 13

Extradition

Answer 13

The legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed

Question 14

Interstate compact

Answer 14

An agreement among two or more states. Congress must approve most such agreements

Question 15

National supremacy

Answer 15

A constitutional doctrine that when ever conflict occurs between the constitutionally authorized actions of the national government and those of the state or local government actions of the national government prevail

Question 16

Preemption

Answer 16

The right of the national autoregulation to pollute enforcement of the state or local law or regulation

Question 17

Centralist

Answer 17

People who favor national action over action at the state and local levels

Question 18

Decentralist

Answer 18

People who Weber state or local action rather than national action

Question 19

States rights

Answer 19

How is expressly or implicitly reserved to the states

Question 20

Devolution revolution

Answer 20

The efforts to slow the growth of the national government by returning May functions to the states

Question 21

Federalism

Answer 21

Hey constitutional arrangement in which power is distributed between a central government and states, which are sometimes called provinces and other nations. The national and state exercise direct authority over individuals

Question 22

Duel or layer cake

Answer 22

This type of federalism is defined as a strict separation of powers between the national and state government in which each layer has its own responsibilities and reigns supreme within its constitutional realm

Question 23

What is cooperative or Marble cake federalism

Answer 23

A flexible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs

Question 24

What is competitive federalism

Answer 24

Defined as a way to improve government performance by encouraging state and local government’s to compete against each other for residents business investment and national funding

Question 25

What is permissive federalism

Answer 25

A strong national government that only allows for permits the states to act when it decides to do so. Although federalism generally assumed that the national and state governments will share power permissive federalism argues that the power to share belongs to the national government and national government alone

Question 26

What is coercive federalism

Answer 26

Strong national government that exerts tight control of the states through orders are mandates

Question 27

What is new federalism

Answer 27

A recent effort to reduce the National government’s power by returning or devolving responsibilities to the states it is sometimes characterized as part of the devolution revolution

Question 28

What are disadvantages of federalism

Answer 28

Dividing powers makes it much more difficult for government to respond quickly to national problems
The division of power makes it difficult for voters to hold elected officials accountable

Question 29

Define project grants

Answer 29

The national government support states to project grants for specific activities such as scientific research homeland security and some education programs

Question 30

What is a formula grant

Answer 30

Distributed to the states based on a procedures set out in the grant legislation. The simplest form is population – each recipient government receives a certain number of dollars for each person who lives in the jurisdiction

Question 31

Define a categorical grant

Answer 31

They are made for specific purposes hence the term category. Categorical grants for specific purposes such as Medicaid health care for the poor are tightly monitored to ensure that the money is spent exactly as directed. State and local government’s need to conform to all aspects of the funding legislation in order to receive the national funds

Question 32

What is a block grant

Answer 32

Made for generalized governmental functions such as public assistance health services child care or community development these blocks of funding are provided with very few requirements attached states have flexibility and deciding how to spend block grants but they’re limited to specific amount set by the national government

Question 33

What is bicameral legislator

Answer 33

A particular body of government that consists of two legislative houses or chambers

Question 34

What is judicial review

Answer 34

Review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional Validity of the legislative act

Question 35

What was the McCullough versus Maryland case

Answer 35

Congress takes their article 1 Powers and creates a national bank
Maryland does not like that the national Bank has been put in their state so they claim they have the right to tax the national bank because their power is not delegated so therefore it is a reserved power
Congress argues that this act falls under the implied powers as well as the necessary and proper clause

Question 36

What is nullification

Answer 36

A legal theory that a state has the right to invalidate any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional

Question 37

What was Marbury versus Madison

Answer 37

I knew judiciary act is created which creates new courts and new people for each judiciary job. One of the people is Marbury
But not all official papers are given to each person
This case established judicial review

Question 38

Revenue sharing

Answer 38

Can be spent on almost any governmental purpose

Question 39

10th amendment

Answer 39

Reserved powers to the states