Bureaucracy Flashcards
What are the three aspects of our constitutional system and political traditions that give bureaucracy a distinctive character
Political authority over beer can see is not in one set of hands but is shared among several institutions
Most of the agencies of the federal government share their functions with related agencies in state and local government
The institutions and traditions of American life have contributed to the growth of what some writers have described as an adversary culture in which the definition and expansion of personal rights and the defense of rights in claims do lawsuits as well as political action are given central importance
What did Madison say about the presidents right to fire and a point officeholders
Without the sole right to remove officials from office as well as a point them, he would not be able to discharge his constitutional obligation to take care that the laws be faithfully executed. He won
What is patronage
Appointments made by Congress on the basis of political considerations
What was the one thing that all of the new agencies brought up in 1901 had in common
Their primary purpose was to serve, not to regulate.
What is laissez-faire
Really competitive economy
What were some limits of the Buick or sees in the early 1900s
Agencies could not exercise such regulatory powers unless Congress first set down clear standards that would govern the agencies decisions. As late as 1935 the Supreme Court held that a regulatory agency could not make rules on its own and it could only enact and apply the standards and acted by Congress
Why did the number of employees significant increase during wartime
During wartime almost every government agency argues that it’s activities have some relation to the war effort and few legislators want to be called voting against something that may help that effort hence in 1944 the reindeer service in Alaska and agency of the interior department asked for more employees because reindeer are a valuable asset in military planning
Today’s bureaucracy is a large product of which two events
The depression of the 1930s (And the common common didn’t new deal program of President Roosevelt) and World War II. Because the basic features of the bureaucracy were set me as a result of changes in public attitudes and an constitutional interpretation that occurred during these periods
What is discretionary authority
The power of the bureaucracy depends on the extent to which appointed officials have discretionary authority that is the ability to choose courses of action and to make policies that are not spelled out in advance bylaws.
What are the three areas by which Congress has delegated substantial authority to administrative agencies
One. Paying subsidies to particular groups and organizations and society (farmers veteran scientist schools)
2) transferring money from the federal government to state and local government’s (the grant in aid programs)
3) devising and enforcing regulations for various sectors of society and the economy
What are four factors that may explain the behavior of officials in a bureaucracy
The manner in which they are recruited and rewarded, their personal attributes such as socioeconomical backgrounds and political attitude, the nature of their jobs, the constraints that outside forces such as political superiors impose on their agencies
What is the competitive service
This means that they are pointed only after they have passed a written examination administered by the office of personnel management or met certain selection criteria such as training educational attainment or prior experience devised by the hiring agency and approved by the OPM.
What is the Pendleton act
Slow but steady transfer a federal jobs from the patronage to the merit system
Are the two factors that made it possible for the Republicans to pass the Pendleton act
Public outrage over the abuses of the spoils system, highlighted by the assassination of President James Garfield by a man always described in the history books as a disappointed office keeper and two, the fear that if the Democrats came to power on a wave of anti-spoiled sentiment, existing republican officeholders will be fired
What is the merit system
Process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to do their work rather then their political connections
What is a name request job
It is one that is filled by a person whom and agency has already identified. In this respect the federal government is not so different from private businesses. A person learns from a job from somebody who already has one, or they had of a bureau decide to Vancouver he or she wishes to hire.
