Chapter 5 Flashcards
How do you measure the types of measurement?
Self report- Operationalize a variable by recording people’s answers to verbal questions about themselves in a questionnaire or interview
Observational- (behavior measure) operationalize a variable by recording observable behaviors or physical traces of behaviors
Physiological- Operationalizes a variable by recording biological data such as brain activity, hormone levels, or heart rate. (usually require equipment to measure biological activity. EX: FMRI)
What are the types of measures?
- scale of measurement
- reliability of measurements
- validity of measurements
Whats the difference between a categorical variable and quantitative variables?
Categorical variable- (nominal variables) Categories.
Quantitative variable- Coded with meaningful numbers
Define the different types of quantitative variables
Ordinal Scale- When numerals of a quantitative variable represent a rank order
Interval Scale- When numerals of a quantitative variable represent equal intervals (distance) and there is not “true zero”
Ratio Scale- When numerals of a quantitative variable have equal intervals and when the value of zero truly means “nothing”
Define reliability
A measurement and validity of measurement
Define the three types of reliability
test-retest reliability- The researcher gets consistent results every time he or she uses the measure.
interrater reliability- Consistent results are obtained no matter who measures or observes.
internal reliability- A study participant gives a consistent pattern of answers, no matter how the researcher phrases the question.
Define correlation coefficient
A single number to indicate how close the dots on a scatterplot are to a line drawn through them
When is a relationship strong?
When is a relationship weak?
Strong: When the dots on the scatterplot are close to the line
Weak: When the dots on the scatterplot are far from the line
Define Cronbach’s Alpha
A correlation-based statistic used to see if their measurement scales have internal reliability.
The closer the Cronbach Alpha is to 1, the better the scale’s reliability
Define face validity
It looks as if it should be a good measure.
A plausible measure of the variable in question.
Define content validity
Involves subjective judgment about a measure.
A measure must capture all parts of a defined construct.
Assess all parts of the concept.
Define predictive validity/concurrent validity
Predictive- An empirically supported type of measurement validity that represents the extent to which a measure is related to a concrete, future outcome that it should be related to.
Concurrent- An empirically supported type of measurement validity that represents the extent to which a measure is related to a concrete, simultaneous outcome that it should be related to
(Ex: wanting to predict how well a sales person would do based on IQ test. Seems like it has face validity, but does IQ really correlate with selling skills?)
Define convergent validity
Shows that the measure should correlate more strongly with measures of the same constructs.
Define discriminant validity
Shows that the measure should correlate less strongly with measures of others, distinct constructs.
