Apa Flashcards
What are the rules for a title page
- include important info (main variables)
- Make it concise (omit unnecessary words)
-contains running head (shorter title)
Title
Names of authors
Affiliations of author (ex: suny Plattsburgh)
What is in an abstract?
- intro
- methods
- results
- discussion
What’s in the intro?
-intro: General research question, background info,
transition statement
Summarize your methods in a sentence or two and state hypothesis
(When citing use only last names) (citing goes at the earliest place possible)
Avoid using “this study” use “our study”
Assume your audience knows nothing
What’s in methods?
Participants: number, how selected, who they were
Materials: the stuff you used, equipment, survey details, info about stimuli
Procedure: a recipe on how to do experiment
Must have all three sections with headings
Assume no knowledge of methods
What’s in results?
- what you found (no why)
- statistical tests
- figures and tables
- include statements referring the reader to the figure or table
(Ex: “as shown in figure 1” not “see table 1”
What’s in the discussion?
- review hypothesis and main findings
- interprets findings
- discuss weaknesses
- future directions
- concluding statement/paragraph
What’s in references?
- all sources you referred to in the paper (only sources referred to in paper)
- alphabetical by last name of first author
What’s the easiest order to write your apa paper?
- results
- methods
- discussion
- intro
- reference
- abstract
- title page
Rules for language in apa?
- precise/clarity: say exactly what you mean
- concise: don’t be redundant
- formality: formal, no slang, avoid “I”
- use past tense when reporting previous research and how you conducted your study
- use present tense for current results and for conclusions that are more specific than specific results
What’s language bias: research participants
- don’t call participants subjects.
(Use specific terms ex: college students)
Or
(Use their role as partners in research process ex: participants, interviewees)
What’s language bias: sex and gender?
- avoid using masculine or feminine mound when referring to both sexes
- “he or she” is acceptable (never omit sex identity)
- use gender neutral terms (think of action not person. Ex: mankind= humanity)
What’s language bias: racial and ethnic identity?
- use names racial and ethnic groups prefer (ex: African American)
- ask participants how they prefer to be identified
What’s language bias: disabilities?
- don’t use language that equates people with their condition
- don’t victimize them
(Use “person living with ____”
What are language problems?
Never use:
- subjects (use participants)
- prove
- you
- could of, would of (could’ve, would’ve)
- contractions (can’t, won’t don’t) (use do not)
Be careful with these words:
- data (this is a plural= results)
- effect= noun
- affect= verb
What does an apa paper look like
- title page
- abstract
- intro
- methods
- results
- discussion
- references
