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Speech Pathology I > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Phonological disorder

A

Errors of many phonemes that form patterns or clusters

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1
Q

Articulation disorder

A

Problems in producing speech sounds

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2
Q

Stops

A

Speech sounds that are produced by completely stopping the airflow. Also known as stop-plosives. Ex. /p/ /b,t,d,k,g/

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3
Q

Fricatives

A

A category of speech sounds that are produced by severely constructing the oral cavity and then forcing the air through it. Creates a friction or hissing noise. /s,f,v,z,h/

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4
Q

Affricates

A

A group of consonants with the characteristics of stops and fricatives. /ch/ as in chair. /j/ jump

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5
Q

Glides

A

A category of speech sounds that are produced by gradually changing the shape of the articulators. /w/ wine /j/ yes

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6
Q

Liquids

A

Speech sounds that are produced with the least restriction of the oral cavity. Also called semivowels. /r/ /l/

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7
Q

Nasals

A

Speech sounds with nasal resonance added to them, they are produced while keeping the velopharyngeal port open. /n,m,ng/

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8
Q

The place of articulation

A

Where the sounds are produced in the oral cavity

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9
Q

Bilabial

A

Involving both lips, Bilabial sounds are produced primarily by the two lips. /p,b,m,w/

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10
Q

Labiodental

A

Sounds that are produced by the lips and teeth. /f,v/

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11
Q

Dental/ linguadentals

A

Sounds that are produced by the tounge as it makes contact with the upper teeth. /th/ think and them

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12
Q

Alveolars/ lingua-alveolar

A

Sounds that are produced by the back of the tongue which rises to make contact with the velum

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13
Q

Palatals/ linguapalatal

A

Sounds that are produced by the back of the tongue which rises to make contact with the velum (soft palate) /sh/ ship /ge/ rouge /ch/ chalk /r/

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14
Q

Linguavelar

A

Sounds that are produced by raising the tip of the tongue to make a contact with the alveolar ridge which is the place immediately behind the front teeth. /k,g/

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15
Q

Glottal

A

Sounds that are produced by keeping the vocal folds open and letting the air pass through the opening, because this results in friction noise. Glottals are also fricatives.

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16
Q

0 months

A

Recognizes mothers voice

17
Q

4-6 months

A

Babbling, differentiated cries

18
Q

7-10 months

A

Re duplicated babbling intent

19
Q

11-14 months

A

Phonetically consistent first words and forms protowords

20
Q

2 years

A

/p,h,w,m,b,k,g/

21
Q

3 years

A

/d,f,j(y),t,n,s/ all vowels

22
Q

4 years

A

/v,sh,ch,z/

23
Q

5 years

A

/r,l,th,ng,dj,th(v)/

24
Q

6-8 years

A

/dz/

25
Q

Articulation errors

A

Difficulty is at phonetic level. Nothing is wrong with articulators

26
Q

Substitution

A

An incorrect sound is produced for target sound. /wed/ red /fith/ fish

27
Q

Omission

A

Sound is left out of a word

/baw/ ball /res/ rest

28
Q

Distortion

A 
Sound produced is recognizable but inaccurate 
Lateral lisp (slushy s or z)
29
Q

Addition

A

Addition of a sound

Balue for blue

30
Q

Phonological process disorder

A

Involves of sound errors

31
Q

Final consonant deletion

A

Final consonant is omitted from a word

Boat-bo

32
Q

Velar fronting

A

Back sound is replaced by a front sound

Car- tar

33
Q

Palatial fronting

A

Sh or zh are replaced by s or z

Ship - sip

34
Q

Cluster reduction

A

A cluster element is deleted or replaced

Try- Ty

35
Q

Stopping

A

A stop consonant replaces a fricatives or affricative

Ship- tip

36
Q

Articulation disorders:
Organic
Functional

A

Organic (physical) - cleft palate, cerebral palsy, glossectomy, otitis media, mental retardation

Functional- substitution, lisp

37
Q

Traditional Approaches

A

Perceptual training and production training, established in isolation, transfer to conversational speech and maintain outside clinic

38
Q

Phonological approaches

A

Emphasizes changing of patterns of errors rather than individual sounds

39
Q

Traditional approaches are

A

Auditory discrimination
Sensory motor approach (McDonald): begin with syllable level
Paired stimuli approach- pairs a key word (child can say) with a target word
Multiple phoneme approach- teaching more than one sound at a time

40
Q

Phonological approaches are:

A

Hodsons cycle approach: cyclic approach, designed for unintelligible,
Minimal pair- pair of words differ by 1 sound and train how that changes meaning

Speech Pathology I (9 decks)

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