Chapter 5

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 1

The network of nerve fibers that connect the central nervous system to all the other organs of the body.

Question 2

Endocrine System

Answer 2

The system of glands located throughout the body that help control important activities such as growth and sexual activity.

Question 3

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 3

The nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that quicken the heartbeat and produce other changes experienced as arousal and fear.

Question 4

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 4

The nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that help return bodily processes to normal.

Question 5

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway

Answer 5

One route by which the brain and body produce arousal and fear.

Question 6

Corticosteroids

Answer 6

A group of hormones, including cortisol, released by the adrenal glands at times of stress.

Question 7

Acute Stress Disorder

Answer 7

An anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event and last less than a month.

Question 8

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 8

An anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms continue to be experienced long after a traumatic event.

Question 9

Rape

Answer 9

Forced sexual intercourse or another sexual act committed against a non-consenting person or intercourse with an underage person.

Question 10

Torture

Answer 10

The use of brutal, degrading, and disorienting strategies to reduce victims to a state of utter helplessness.

Question 11

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

Answer 11

An exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of objects and situations they ordinarily avoid.

Question 12

Rap Group

Answer 12

A group that meets to talk about and explore members’ problems in an atmosphere of mutual support.

Question 13

Psychological Debriefing

Answer 13

A form of crisis intervention in which victims are helped to talk about their feelings and reactions to traumatic incidents. Also called critical incident stress debriefing.

Question 14

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 14

A group of disorders in which some parts of one’s memory or identity seem to be dissociated,or separated, from other parts of one’s memory or identity.

Question 15

Memory

Answer 15

The faculty for recalling past events and past learning.

Question 16

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 16

A dissociative disorder marked by an inability to recall important personal events and information.

Question 17

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 17

A dissociative disorder in which a person develops two or more distinct personalities. Also known as multiple personality disorder.

Question 18

Sub-personalities

Answer 18

The two or more distinct personalities found in individuals suffering with dissociative identity disorder. Also known as alternate personalities.

Question 19

State-dependent Learning

Answer 19

Learning that becomes associated with the conditions under which it occurred, so that it is best remembered under the same conditions.

Question 20

Self-hypnosis

Answer 20

The process of hypnotizing oneself, sometimes for the purpose of forgetting unpleasant events.

Question 21

Hypnotic Therapy

Answer 21

A treatment in which the patient undergoes hypnosis and is then guided to recall forgotten events or perform other therapeutic activities. Also known as hypnotherapy.

Question 22

Fusion

Answer 22

The final merging of two or more sub-personalities in multiple personality disorder.

Question 23

Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

Answer 23

A dissociative disorder marked by the presence of persistent and recurrent episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both.

Question 24

Stressor

Answer 24

An event that creates a sense of threat by confronting a person with a demand or opportunity for change of some kind.

Question 25

Hypothalamus

Answer 25

A part of the brain that helps maintain various bodily functions,including eating and hunger.

Question 26

Epinephrine

Answer 26

a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, especially in conditions of stress, increasing rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and preparing muscles for exertion. When released from the adrenal medulla, however,they act as hormones and travel through the bloodstream to various organs and muscles, further producing arousal and fear.

Question 27

Norepinephrine

Answer 27

A neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to depression and panic disorder and depression.

Question 28

Amnestic Episode

Answer 28

the forgotten period. During an amnestic episode, people may appear confused; in some cases they wander about aimlessly. They are already experiencing memory difficulties but seem unaware of them.

Question 29

Dissociative Fugue

Answer 29

An extreme version of dissociative amnesia is called dissociative fugue. Here persons not only forget their personal identities and details of their past lives but also flee to an entirely different location. Some individuals travel a short distance and make few social contacts in the new setting (APA, 2013, 2012). Their fugue may be brief—a matter of hours or days—and end suddenly. In other cases, however, the person may travel far from home, take a new name, and establish a new identity, new relationships, and even a new line of work. Such people may also display new personality characteristics; often they are more outgoing.

Question 30

Iatrogenic Disorder

Answer 30

Produced or caused inadvertently by a clinician. (iatrogenic)
Therapists create this disorder by subtly suggesting the existence of other personalities during therapy or by explicitly asking a patient to produce different personalities while under hypnosis.

Question 31

Repression

Answer 31

A defense mechanism whereby the ego prevents unacceptable impulses from reaching consciousness.