Chapter 3

Question 1

Idiographic Understanding

Answer 1

An understanding of the behavior of a particular individual.

Question 2

Assessment

Answer 2

The process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant.

Question 3

Standardization

Answer 3

The process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual’s score can be measured.

Question 4

Reliability

Answer 4

A measure of the consistency of test or research results.

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

The accuracy of a test’s or study’s results; that is, the extent to which the tester study actually measures or shows what it claims.

Question 6

Mental Status Exam

Answer 6

A set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client’s abnormal functioning.

Question 7

Test

Answer 7

A device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person’s psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred.

Question 8

Projective Test

Answer 8

A test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to.

Question 9

Personality Inventory

Answer 9

A test designed to measure broad personality characteristics,consisting of statements about behaviors,beliefs, and feelings that people evaluate as either characteristic or uncharacteristic of them.

Question 10

Response Inventories

Answer 10

Tests designed to measure a person’s responses in one specific area of functioning, such as affect,social skills, or cognitive processes.

Question 11

Psycho-physiological Test

Answer 11

A test that measures physical responses (such as heart rate and muscle tension) as possible indicators of psychological problems.

Question 12

Neurological Test

Answer 12

A test that directly measures brain structure or activity.

Question 13

Neuroimaging Techniques

Answer 13

Neurological tests that provide images of brain structure or activity, such as CT scans, PET scans,and MRI’s. Also called brain scans.

Question 14

Neuro-psychological Test

Answer 14

A test that detects brain impairment by measuring a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances.

Question 15

Intelligence Test

Answer 15

A test designed to measure a person’s intellectual ability.

Question 16

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 16

An overall score derived from intelligence tests.

Question 17

Diagnosis

Answer 17

A determination that a person’s problems reflect a particular disorder.

Question 18

Syndrome

Answer 18

A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together.

Question 19

Classification System

Answer 19

A list of disorders, along with descriptions of symptoms and guidelines for making appropriate diagnoses.

Question 20

DSM-V (5)

Answer 20

The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Question 21

Empirically Supported Treatment

Answer 21

A movement in the clinical field that seeks to identify which therapies have received clear research support for each disorder, to develop corresponding treatment guidelines,and to spread such information to clinicians.Also known as evidence-based treatment.

Question 22

Rapprochement Movement

Answer 22

An effort to identify a set of common strategies that run through the work of all effective therapists.

Question 23

Psychopharmacologist

Answer 23

A psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medications.

Question 24

Clinical Interview

Answer 24

A face-to-face encounter in which clinicians ask questions of clients, weigh their responses and reactions, and learn about them and their psychological problems.

Question 25

Rorschach Test

Answer 25

A projective test, in which a person reacts to inkblots, designed to help reveal psychological features of the person.

Question 26

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT):

Answer 26

A projective test consisting of pictures that show people in ambiguous situations that the client is asked to interpret.

Question 27

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI):

Answer 27

A widely used personality inventory consisting of a large number of statements that subjects mark as being true or false for them.

Question 28

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 28

A device that records electrical impulses in the brain.

Question 29

Computed Axial Tomography (CAT) Scan

Answer 29

A composite image of the brain created by compiling X-ray images taken from many angles.

Question 30

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

Answer 30

A computer-produced motion picture showing rates of metabolism throughout the brain.

Question 31

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 31

A neuroimaging technique used to visualize internal structures of the brain or body.

Question 32

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Answer 32

A neuroimaging technique used to visualize internal functioning of the brain or body.

Question 33

Battery

Answer 33

A series of tests, each of which measures a specific skill area.

Question 34

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 34

A method of observing behavior in which clinicians or researchers observe people in their everyday environments.

Question 35

Analog Observation

Answer 35

A method for observing behavior in which people are observed in artificial settings such as clinicians’ offices or laboratories.

Question 36

Self-monitoring

Answer 36

Clients’ observation of their own behavior.

Question 37

Categorical Information

Answer 37

whether the person is displaying one of the hundreds of psychological disorders listed in the manual

Question 38

Dimensional Information

Answer 38

the current severity of the client’s disorder—that is, how much the symptoms impair the client.

Question 39

Therapy Outcome Study

Answer 39

studies that measure the effects of various treatments. The studies typically ask one of three questions: (1) Is therapy in general effective? (2) Are particular therapies generally effective? (3) Are particular therapies effective for particular problems?