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PSY 322 Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal Psychology

A

The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.

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2
Q

Norms

A

A society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct.

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3
Q

Culture

A

A people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology,and arts.

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4
Q

Treatment

A

A systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior. Also called therapy.

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5
Q

Trephination

A

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cutaway a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior.

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6
Q

Humors

A

According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning.

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7
Q

Asylum

A

A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most became virtual prisons.

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8
Q

Moral Treatment

A

A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment.

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9
Q

State Hospitals

A

State-run public mental institutions in the United States.

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10
Q

Somatogenic Perspective

A

The view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes.

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11
Q

Psychogenic Perspective

A

The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological.

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12
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology.

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13
Q

Psychotropic Medications

A

Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning.

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14
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

The practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals.

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15
Q

Private Psychotherapy

A

An arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services.

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16
Q

Prevention

A

Interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they develop.

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17
Q

Positive Psychology

A

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities.

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18
Q

Multicultural Psychology

A

The field of psychology that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, gender, and similar factors on our behaviors and thoughts,including abnormal behaviors and thoughts.

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19
Q

Managed Care Program

A

A system of health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature,scope, and cost of medical or psychological services.

20
Q

Scientific Method

A

The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information through careful observations to gain an understanding of a phenomenon.

21
Q

Case Study

A

A detailed account of a person’s life and psychological problems.

22
Q

Correlation

A

The degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other.

23
Q

Correlational Method

A

A research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other.

24
Q

Epidemiological Study

A

A study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population.

25
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

A study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time.

26
Q

Experiment

A

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of the manipulation is observed.

27
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable.

28
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated.

29
Q

Confound

A

In an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable.

30
Q

Control Group

A

In an experiment, a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable.

31
Q

Experimental Group

A

In an experiment, the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation.

32
Q

Random Assignment

A

A selection procedure that ensures that participants are randomly placed either in the control group or in the experimental group.

33
Q

Blind Design

A

An experiment in which participants do not know whether they are in the experimental or the control condition.

34
Q

Quasi-experiment

A

An experiment in which investigators make use of control and experimental groups that already exist in the world at large. Also called a mixed design.

35
Q

Natural Experiment

A

An experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates an independent variable.

36
Q

Analogue Experiment

A

An experiment in which the investigator produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts studies on the participants.

37
Q

Single-Subject Experimental Design

A

A research method in which a single participant is observed and measured both before and after the manipulation of an independent variable.

38
Q

Deviance

A

different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizarre

39
Q

Distress

A

unpleasant and upsetting to the person

40
Q

Dysfunction

A

interfering with the person’s ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

41
Q

Danger

A

of hurting oneself or others

42
Q

General Paresis

A

An irreversible medical disorder whose symptoms include psychological abnormalities, such as delusions of grandeur; caused by syphilis.

43
Q

Hypnosis

A

A sleep-like suggestible state during which a person can be directed to actin unusual ways, to experience unusual sensations, to remember seemingly forgot-ten events, or to forget remembered events.

44
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time.

45
Q

Prevalence

A

The total number of cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time.

46
Q

Placebo Therapy

A

A sham treatment that the subject in an experiment believes to be genuine.

47
Q

Double-blind Design

A

Experimental procedure in which neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the participant has received the experimental treatment or a placebo.

PSY 322 Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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