Chapter 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
the capacity to do work or transfer heat
energy
energy of motion
kinetic energy
energy of position
potential energy
is stored within structural units of chemical substances
chemical energy
energy resulting from the interaction of charged particles
electrostatic energy
is the part of the universe of intrest
-ex: the reactants NaOH and HCL
system
are the rest of the universe
-ex: when heat is given off from the reaction of NaOH and HCL, the energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings
surroundings
-the study if the transfer of heat (thermal energy) in chemical reactions
thermochemistry
transfer of heat from the system to the surroundings
exothermic
the transfer of heat from the surroundings of the system
endothermic
is the SI unit for energy
Joule (J)
commonly used on food labels
calorie (cal)
exchange of mass and energy
open
exchange of energy
closed
no exchange
isolated
depend only on initial and final states of the system and not on how the change was carried out
state functions
- kinetic energy- molecular motion
- potential energy- attractive/ repulsive interactions
internal energy (U)
is a state function defined as
enthalpy (H)
equations that represent both mass and enthalpy changes
thermochemical equations
the measurement of heat changes
calorimetry
the amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 g of a substance by 1cC
- units J/g C
- relation to amount of heat (q)
specific heat (s)
the amount of heat required to raise the temp of an object by 1 C
- units J/C
- relation to amount of heat (q)
heat capacity (c)
the change in enthalpy that occurs when reactants are converted to products is the same whether the reaction occurs in one step or a series of steps
Hess’s Law
