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Chemistry 1515 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

A

chemistry

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2
Q

anything that has mass and occupies space

A

matter

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3
Q
  • can be either an element or a compound
  • has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties
  • examples: Sodium chloride, water, oxygen
A

substance

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4
Q
  • particles close together in orderly fashion
  • little freedom of motion
  • a solid sample does not conform to the shape of the container it fills
A

solid

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5
Q
  • particles close together but not held rigidly in position
  • particles are free to move past one another
  • a liquid sample conforms to the shape of the part of the container it fills
A

liquid

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6
Q
  • particles randomly spread apart
  • particles have complete freedom of movement
  • assumes both shape and volume of a container
A

gas

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7
Q

cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
-examples: iron, mercury, oxygen, and hydrogen

A

element

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8
Q
  • two or more elements chemically combined in define ratios
  • cannot be separated by physical means
  • examples: salt, water, and carbon dioxide
A

compounds

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9
Q
  • physical combination of two or more substances
  • substances retain distinct identities
  • no universal constant composition
  • can be separated by physical means
  • ex: sugar/iron; sugar/water
A

mixture

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10
Q
  • composition of the mixture is uniform throughout

- ex: sugar dissolved in water

A

homogeneous

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11
Q
  • composition is not uniform throughout

- ex: sugar mixed with iron fillings

A

heterogeneous

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12
Q

aluminum foil

A

substance, element

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13
Q

baking soda

A

substance, compound

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14
Q

milk

A

mixture, homogeneous

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15
Q

air

A

mixture, homogeneous

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16
Q

copper wire

A

substance, element

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17
Q
  • measure of the amount of matter

- weight refers to gravitational pull

A

mass

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18
Q
  • celsius
  • represented by C
  • based on freezing point of water as 0C and boiling point of water as 100C
A

temperature

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19
Q
  • represented by K (no degree sign)
  • the absolute scale
  • units of Celsius and Kelvin are equal in magnitude
  • fahrenheit(the English system) (F)
A

Kelvin

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20
Q

length

A

meter (M)

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21
Q

mass

A

kilogram (kg)

22
Q

time

A

second (s)

23
Q

electric current

A

ampere (A)

24
Q

temperature

A

kelvin (K)

25
Q

amount of substance

A

mole (mol)

26
Q

tera (T)

A

1 x10^12

27
Q

giga (G)

A

1 x 10^9

28
Q

mega (M)

A

1 x 10^6

29
Q

kilo (k)

A

1 x 10^3

30
Q

deci (d)

A

1 x 10^-1

31
Q

centi (c)

A

1 x 10^-2

32
Q

milli (m)

A

1 x 10^-3

33
Q

micro (1u)

A

1 x 10^-6

34
Q

nano (n)

A

1 x 10^-9

35
Q

pico (p)

A

1 x 10^-12

36
Q

ratio of mass to volume

A

density

37
Q

expressed using numbers

A

quantitative

38
Q

expressed using properties

A

qualitative

39
Q

can be observed and measured without changing the substance

-ex: color, melting point, states of matter

A

physical properties

40
Q

the identity of the substance stays the same

-ex: changes of state (melting, freezing)

A

physical changes

41
Q

must be determined by the chemical changes that are observed
-ex: flammability, acidity, corrosiveness, reactivity

A

chemical properties

42
Q

after a chemical change, the original substance no longer exists
-ex: combustion, digestion

A

chemical changes

43
Q

depends on amount of matter

-ex: mass, length

A

extensive property

44
Q

does not depend on amount

-ex: density, temperature, color

A

intensive property

45
Q

numbers with defined values

-ex: counting numbers, conversation factors based on definitions

A

exact numbers

46
Q

numbers obtained by any method other than counting

-ex: measured values in the laboratory

A

inexact numbers

47
Q

used to express the uncertainty of inexact numbers obtained by measurement

A

significant figures

48
Q

how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value

A

accuracy

49
Q

how closely measurements of the same thing are to one another

A

precision

50
Q

-a fraction in which the same quantity is expressed one way in the numerator and another way in the denominator

A

conversion factor

51
Q

a problem solving method employing conversion factors to change one measure to another often called the “factor-label method”

A

dimensional analysis

Chemistry 1515 (8 decks)

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