Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
A
chemistry
2
Q
anything that has mass and occupies space
A
matter
3
Q
- can be either an element or a compound
- has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties
- examples: Sodium chloride, water, oxygen
A
substance
4
Q
- particles close together in orderly fashion
- little freedom of motion
- a solid sample does not conform to the shape of the container it fills
A
solid
5
Q
- particles close together but not held rigidly in position
- particles are free to move past one another
- a liquid sample conforms to the shape of the part of the container it fills
A
liquid
6
Q
- particles randomly spread apart
- particles have complete freedom of movement
- assumes both shape and volume of a container
A
gas
7
Q
cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
-examples: iron, mercury, oxygen, and hydrogen
A
element
8
Q
- two or more elements chemically combined in define ratios
- cannot be separated by physical means
- examples: salt, water, and carbon dioxide
A
compounds
9
Q
- physical combination of two or more substances
- substances retain distinct identities
- no universal constant composition
- can be separated by physical means
- ex: sugar/iron; sugar/water
A
mixture
10
Q
- composition of the mixture is uniform throughout
- ex: sugar dissolved in water
A
homogeneous
11
Q
- composition is not uniform throughout
- ex: sugar mixed with iron fillings
A
heterogeneous
12
Q
aluminum foil
A
substance, element
13
Q
baking soda
A
substance, compound
14
Q
milk
A
mixture, homogeneous
15
Q
air
A
mixture, homogeneous
16
Q
copper wire
A
substance, element
17
Q
- measure of the amount of matter
- weight refers to gravitational pull
A
mass
18
Q
- celsius
- represented by C
- based on freezing point of water as 0C and boiling point of water as 100C
A
temperature
19
Q
- represented by K (no degree sign)
- the absolute scale
- units of Celsius and Kelvin are equal in magnitude
- fahrenheit(the English system) (F)
A
Kelvin
20
Q
length
A
meter (M)
21
Q
mass
A
kilogram (kg)
22
Q
time
A
second (s)
23
Q
electric current
A
ampere (A)
24
Q
temperature
A
kelvin (K)
25
amount of substance
mole (mol)
26
tera (T)
1 x10^12
27
giga (G)
1 x 10^9
28
mega (M)
1 x 10^6
29
kilo (k)
1 x 10^3
30
deci (d)
1 x 10^-1
31
centi (c)
1 x 10^-2
32
milli (m)
1 x 10^-3
33
micro (1u)
1 x 10^-6
34
nano (n)
1 x 10^-9
35
pico (p)
1 x 10^-12
36
ratio of mass to volume
density
37
expressed using numbers
quantitative
38
expressed using properties
qualitative
39
can be observed and measured without changing the substance
| -ex: color, melting point, states of matter
physical properties
40
the identity of the substance stays the same
| -ex: changes of state (melting, freezing)
physical changes
41
must be determined by the chemical changes that are observed
-ex: flammability, acidity, corrosiveness, reactivity
chemical properties
42
after a chemical change, the original substance no longer exists
-ex: combustion, digestion
chemical changes
43
depends on amount of matter
| -ex: mass, length
extensive property
44
does not depend on amount
| -ex: density, temperature, color
intensive property
45
numbers with defined values
| -ex: counting numbers, conversation factors based on definitions
exact numbers
46
numbers obtained by any method other than counting
| -ex: measured values in the laboratory
inexact numbers
47
used to express the uncertainty of inexact numbers obtained by measurement
significant figures
48
how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value
accuracy
49
how closely measurements of the same thing are to one another
precision
50
-a fraction in which the same quantity is expressed one way in the numerator and another way in the denominator
conversion factor
51
a problem solving method employing conversion factors to change one measure to another often called the "factor-label method"
dimensional analysis
