Chapter 5 Flashcards
Enlightenment
Emphasized individually instead of tradition
Scientific revolution
Reason, using ur ability to think
Social contract
Contract between govt and the people
Thomas Hobbes
English philosopher, wrote the leviathan, people chose the leader and could not remove them
John Locke
Puritan, wrote the two treatises of government, “life, liberty, and property” should be guaranteed, people could remove chosen leader
Philosophes
Group of enlightened French philosophers
Montesquieu
Spirit of the laws, compared despotism (absolute power) and separation of powers (better for the people)
Voltaire
Got kicked out of England for speaking out on slavery, defender of freedom of speech, enemies were French aristocracy and Catholic Church
Diderot
The encyclopedia, targeted the French monarchy, unjust taxation and govt. absolutism
Rousseau
The social contract, “general will”, (majority rights) free elections to choose the head of govt
Adam smith
The wealth of nations, supporter of laissez-faire (“hands off”)
Enlightened despot
Absolute monarchs who gave rights to the people, yet kept all the power
Catherine the great
Had many affairs, killed husband, ruler of Russia, from Prussian nobility
Frederick the great
Servant of the state, King of Prussia, enlightened despot, religious tolerance
Joseph II
Enlightened despot, ruler of Austria, son of Maria Theresa, abolished serfdom
