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Sociology 112 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Achieved

A

What a status is considered if you’ve entered into it at some stage in your life, but you weren’t born into it. E.g. your job

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2
Q

Ascribed

A

A status you were born into or you enter into involuntarily. E.g your sex or age

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3
Q

Back stage

A

Facts suppressed in front stage or various kinds of informal actions may appear

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4
Q

Control

A

One of Weber’s four mains elements of formal rationalization. Having to do with the use of rules, regulations, and hierarchal structure to keep workers in line.

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5
Q

Cosmology

A

The study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.

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6
Q

Critical management studies

A

Are critical of traditional theories of management.

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7
Q

Definition of the situation

A

This states that given a particular situation, different individuals will define the situation differently and in contradictory days, based on their own subjective experiences.

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8
Q

Disenchanted

A

Lacking magic, fantasy, and mystery–which could only lead to further alienation

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9
Q

Dramaturgical approach

A

This is a way of approaching sociological research as if everyday life were taking place on the stage of a theatre

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10
Q

Efficiency

A

One of Weber’s four mains elements of formal rationalization. Relates to the streamlines movement in time and effort of people and things.

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11
Q

Egalitarianism

A

A society based on equality

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12
Q

Feminist organization

A

Are generally organized around principles different to hose found in traditional, patriarchal organizations based on hierarchy, it would be a mistake to think that these organizations are without internal conflict

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13
Q

Formal rationalization (rationality) (4 basic elements)

A
  1. Efficiency
  2. Quantification
  3. Predictability
  4. Control
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14
Q

Formal social movement organizations

A

Which are bureaucratic, and inclusive, and which make few demands of their members. E.g. basic women’s rights

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15
Q

Front stage (3 important factors of a successful performance)

A

Functioned in fixed and general ways to define the situation for those who observe the performance
Setting: Physical scene
a) Personal Front: items of expressive equipment that the audience identifies with the performers and expects them to carry out
b) Appearance: actor looks to audience, indicates performers social status
c) Their manner: How an actor conducts themselves; tells the audience what role to play in a situation

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16
Q

Impression management

A

The strategies we adopt when presenting ourselves

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17
Q

Looking-glass self

A

How our individual selves are defined through interpersonal interactions with others

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18
Q

Marginalization

A

The process by which groups are assigned into categories that set them at or beyond the margins of the dominant society

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19
Q

Master status

A

Signifies the status of an individual that dominates all of his or her other statues in most social contexts, and plays the greatest role in the formation of the individual’s social identity

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20
Q

Matrilineal

A

Determined along the line of the mother. when the leading women in a clan have the power to suggest both who should receive the title of chief and when he might have his status removed

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21
Q

McDonaldization

A

The process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world

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22
Q

Organizational Behaviour

A

The study of organizations in terms of the way the individuals within organizations interact

23
Q

Organizational Theory

A

the study of the way organizations operate

24
Q

Organizational Culture

A

the dynamics of an organization studied in terms of the ritual and symbolic acts carried out by its members

25
Q

Passing

A

The process in which a person from a radicalized group who wants to avoid discrimination and whose appearance does not clearly put them into one group or another can successfully claim dominant racial status

26
Q

Predictability

A

One of Weber’s four mains elements of formal rationalization. Means the administrators works, and clients all know what to expect from employees, underlings, colleagues, and companies; this is the “uniformity of rules”

27
Q

Quantity (quantification)

A

One of Weber’s four mains elements of formal rationalization. As many elements as possible. The success of a task is measured based on the completion of a large number of quantifiable tasks. E.g. how many calls are handled rather than the amount of satisfied customers.

28
Q

Role

A

A set of behaviours and attitudes associated with a particular status

29
Q

Role conflict

A

Occurs when a person is forced to reconcile incompatible expectations generated from two or more statuses he or she holds. E.g. being a mother and a student and having to chose between studying and tentatively taking care of children

30
Q

Role exit

A

The process of disengaging from a role tat has been central to one’s identity, and attempting to establish a new role

31
Q

Role set

A

Comprises all o the roles that are attached to a particular status

32
Q

Role strain

A

Develops when there is conflict between roles within the role set of a particular status. E.g. student complains to teacher about another teacher (role of an educator and colleague are challenged)

33
Q

Role-playing game

A

A game that lows players to experiment with roles outside of their usual experience by adoption fictitious statuses.

34
Q

Scientific management

A

Designed to discover the ‘one best way’ of doing a specific job.

35
Q

Secularism

A

Attitudes and activities with no basis in religion

36
Q

Service-provider organizations

A

Which combine elements of both formal and small group organizations

37
Q

Small groups (collectives)

A

Which are organized organized informally, and which require large commitments of time, loyalty, and material resources from its members. E.g. women punishing houses

38
Q

Social mobility

A

How free your society is in allowing the degree to which a status may be achieved

39
Q

Social order

A

A set of linked social structures, social institutions and social practices which conserve, maintain and enforce ways of relating and behaving.

40
Q

Social organization

A

The social and cultural principles around which things are structures, ordered, and categorized

41
Q

Social segregation

A

The outcome of being marginalized as well as the strategy to deal with marginalization

42
Q

Status

A

A recognized social position that an individual occupies. It contributes to an individuals social identity by imposing responsibilities and expectations that establish the individual’s relationships to others

43
Q

Status consistency

A

The result when the social status hierarchies line up

44
Q

Status hierarchy

A

the ranking in which statuses are put in order form high to low based on prestige and power

45
Q

Status inconsistency

A

The result when the social status hierarchies do not line up– when one status is highly ranked in one category but not in others

46
Q

Status set

A

The collection of statuses you have

47
Q

Substantive rationalization

A

Involves the substance of values of ethic norms. Used to check if one is representing their values.

48
Q

Taylorism

A

The name of scientific management was changed to this.

49
Q

Team approaches

A

Incorporates worker input and fostered the idea that workers could be involved in several stages of the manufacturing process, generating a greater sense of product ownership

50
Q

Theocracies

A

religious states

51
Q

Thomas theorem

A

The notions that the situations we define as real become real in their consequences

52
Q

Outside

A

neither front nor back; outside the realm of the performance

53
Q

Mueller’s 3 types of feminist organizational forms

A
  1. Formal Social movement organizations
  2. Small groups or collectives
  3. Service-provider organizations
54
Q

Bureaucracies

A

Emphasize control over people through the replacement of human judgement with the dictates of rules, regulations, and structures.

Sociology 112 (7 decks)

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