Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is total body water made up of?
The sum of the intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes
What solute is abundant in the intracellular fluid?
K+
What solutes are abundant in the extracellular fluid?
Na+, Cl-
Every type of body fluid has the same?
OsmoLALITY & an equal number of positive and negative charges
At equilibrium, the chemical and electrical potential energy differences are?
Equal, but opposite
What equation accounts for the electromotive force on an ion?
Vm-Ex = Net driving force
In simple diffusion, the flux of an uncharged substance is directly proportional to?
The concentration difference of that substance
How large of a molecule can pass through a water-filled pore in the membrane?
45 kDa
What is similar between pores, channels, and carriers?
Their physical structures are similar
How many Na+ ions does the Na/K ATPase push out of the cell?
3 Na+ ions
How many K+ ions does the Na+/K+ ATPase push into the cell?
2 K+ ions
What are some other ATPase pumps besides the Na+/K+ pump?
- K+/H+ pump in the parietal cells of the gastric gland
2. Ca2+ pump in the SER (sarcoplasmic reticulum). Also known as SERCAs.
The F-type and V-type ATPases transport what?
H+ ions
What can ATP-acting binding cassettes act as?
Pumps, channels, and regulators
Cotransporters are usually driven by what solute?
Na+ concentration gradient energy (secondary active transport)
What is another type of transporter that utilizes secondary active transport, besides cotransporters?
Exchangers - exchange ions for one another. Another type of secondary active transports
What is the central role of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?
To keep Na+ inside the cell low, and K+ high inside the cell
What are some of the channels that Cl- is associated with?
Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (in), Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter (in), passive Cl- channel efflux (out).
What are some of the main channels utilized in pH regulation?
Na+/H+ exchanger, Na+/HCO3- transporter.