Chapter 13

Question 1

Clear vesicles and dense core granules can be found where in the nervous system?

Answer 1

Presynaptic terminals

Question 2

What are the 3 roles of neurotransmitters?

Answer 2

To stimulate, inhibit, or modulate the postsynaptic neuron

Question 3

What is the general intermediary step between G-protein activation and ion channel activation in the postsynaptic terminal?

Answer 3

Second-messenger systems

Question 4

When multiple neurotransmitters localize to one presynaptic terminal, what is needed to causes them all to exocytose?

Answer 4

Very high frequency simulation

Question 5

Short-term plasticity changes are usually seen in?

Answer 5

Presynaptic changes in calcium entry and thus an increase in vesicle release

Question 6

What is one important role of long term depression?

Answer 6

Motor learning in the cerebellum

Question 7

Aside from the cerebellum, where else is long term depression seen?

Answer 7

Hippocampus (CA1 region)

Question 8

What class of neurotransmitters are usually modulatory?

Answer 8

Neuropeptides

Question 9

Which classes of neurotransmitters are usually involved in fast synaptic transmission?

Answer 9

1. Acetylcholine (nicotinic)

2. Amino Acid neurotransmitters

Question 10

Which classes of neurotransmitters are usually involved in slow synaptic transmission?

Answer 10

1. Acetylcholine (muscarinic)

2. Catecholamines (epi, norepi)

Question 11

Dense secretory granules located in the presynaptic terminals are composed of?

Answer 11

Neuropeptides that were synthesized in the perikaryon (soma/cell body)

Question 12

What exactly is the definition of an active zone?

Answer 12

The end of the presynaptic terminal where the vesicles have docked and packed close to the exocytotic SNARE complexes.

Question 13

What is the presynaptic grid?

Answer 13

Hexagonal grid arranging where the vesicles are released from at the end of the presynaptic terminal.