Chapter 11

Question 1

Where is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) found?

Answer 1

Ventricles of the brain and the subarachnoid space

Question 2

What is the function of CSF?

Answer 2

To float the brain, serving as a shock absorber

Question 3

Where does CSF come from?

Answer 3

The epithelial cells of the choroid plexus secrete it into the ventricles.

Question 4

What absorbs CSF?

Answer 4

Arachnoid granulations

Question 5

BECF stands for?

Answer 5

Brain extracellular fluid

Question 6

Are CSF and BECF the same thing?

Answer 6

Nope!

Question 7

How is the BECF different from the ECF in the rest of the body?

Answer 7

It is separated by the blood-brain barrier, which only lets certain metabolites of certain sizes enter the BECF

Question 8

How is the blood-brain barrier so selective?

Answer 8

Continuous tight junctions link the brain capillary ENDOthelial cells together

Question 9

What types of molecules are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 9

Uncharged solutes and lipid-soluble molecules

Question 10

Which are more in number? Glial cells or neurons?

Answer 10

Glial cells

Question 11

What makes up 50% of the brain?

Answer 11

Glial cells

Question 12

How do astrocytes benefit neurons?

Answer 12

Supply fuel for neurons in the form of lactic acid

Question 13

What are astrocytes permeable to and are able to regulate?

Answer 13

K+ ions

Question 14

How are astrocytes linked together?

Answer 14

Through gap junctions, which allows solutes to diffuse to other astrocytes

Question 15

What are astrocytes able to synthesize?

Answer 15

Neurotransmitter synthesis, reuptake, and neurotransmitter receptors.

Question 16

What can astrocytes secrete besides neurotransmitters?

Answer 16

Trophic factors

Question 17

What are the roles of the trophic factors that astrocytes are able to secret?

Answer 17

They promote neuronal survival and generation of new synapses (synaptogenesis)

Question 18

What type of brain cell can modulate cerebral blood flow?

Answer 18

Astrocytes

Question 19

Which cells synthesize and maintain myelin?

Answer 19

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)

Question 20

What else are oligodendrocytes responsible for besides myelin synthesis?

Answer 20

pH regulation and iron metabolism

Question 21

What do microglial cells do?

Answer 21

They are the macrophages of the CNS (phagocytic behavior)

Question 22

If a patient has a tumor in the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius, you would expect an enlarged ventricle(s) in?

Answer 22

The lateral and third ventricles

Question 23

What protects the BECF from fluctuations in blood composition?

Answer 23

Blood-brain barrier

Question 24

What adjoins the pia mater from the brain slide and is separated from the pia mater by a basement membrane?

Answer 24

Glia limitans