Chapter 10 Flashcards
What are the three divisions of the nervous system?
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Autonomic Nervous System
What are the 4 parts every neuron has?
- Cell body
- Axon
- Dendrites
- Presynaptic terminals
How do the regions of the neuron (axon, cell body, dendrites, terminal) maintain their phenotype?
Through compartmentalization via the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is how things are transferred between the regions.
What determines how a neuron is classified?
- Axonal projection
- Dendritic geometry
- Number of processes emanating from the cell body (unipolar, bipolar, multipolar)
What is the role of glial cells?
To maintain the physiological environment for neurons to function.
What region of embryology do the neurons differentiate from?
Neuroectoderm
Where do neurons and glial cells originate/start moving from (once developed from the neuroectoderm)?
From the proliferating germinal matrix near the ventricles
How do neurons migrate to where they need to be?
Adhesion molecules help to guide them to their correct anatomical position.
Like muscle cells stuck in the G0 phase, neurons cannot ____?
Divide/regenerate/mitosis
What are the subdivisions of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
- Telencephalon
- Cerebellum
- Diencephalon
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
- Spinal Cord
What are the subdivisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
- Sensory ganglia (of the cranial and spinal nerves)
- Sensory receptors (various types)
What is the autonomic system responsible for?
Innervation of the non-voluntary effector tissues
What is the meninges?
The 3 layers that surround the CNS (brain and spinal cord)
What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid
- Pia mater
Which way do afferent nerves go?
From the sensory receptors TO THE CNS
