Chapter 5

Question 1

What are the two principles that motor development follows?

Answer 1

Cephalocaudal (head to toe)
proximodistal growth (center to periphery)

Question 2

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 2

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Occipital
• Temporal

Question 3

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 3

Coordinates movement and balance

Question 4

What basic functions does the brainstem control?

Answer 4

Basic survival functions like heart rate and breathing

Question 5

What are neurons?

Answer 5

Nerve cells transmitting information via synapses

Question 6

What are the mechanisms involved in neuronal development?

Answer 6

• Synaptogenesis - process forming new synaptic connections between neurons
• Myelination- formation if fatty sheath myelin around axons spoed up neural signal transmission and improves brain
• Synaptic pruning- the elimination of excess weak synaptic connections to strengthen more frequently used pathways

Question 7

What are some significant causes of infant mortality?

Answer 7

• Preterm birth
• Low birth weight
• Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
• Infections

Question 8

What are gross motor skills?

Answer 8

Large movements like rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking

Question 9

What are fine motor skills?

Answer 9

Small movements like grasping, reaching, and manipulating objects