Chapter 5 Flashcards

Consciousness

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.

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2
Q

Phenomenology

A

How things seem to the conscious person.

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3
Q

Problem of Other Minds

A

The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of other.

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4
Q

Expirence

A

The ability to feel pain, pleasure, hunger, consciousness, anger, or fear.

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5
Q

Agency

A

The ability for self-control, planning, memory, or thought.

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6
Q

Mind-Body Problem

A

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.

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7
Q

Intentionality

A

The quality of being directed toward an object.

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8
Q

Unity

A

Resistance to division, or the ability to integrate information from all of the body’s senses into one coherent whole.

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9
Q

Selectivity

A

The capacity to include some objects but not others.

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10
Q

Cocktail-party Phenomenon

A

People tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby.

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11
Q

Transience

A

The tendency to change.

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12
Q

Minimal Consciousness

A

A low level of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior.

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13
Q

Full Consciousness

A

Know and are able to report your mental state.

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14
Q

Self-Consciousness

A

Distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object.

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15
Q

Mental Control

A

The attempt to change conscious states of mind.

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16
Q

Through Suppression

A

Conscience avoidance of a thought.

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17
Q

Rebound Effect of Thought Suppression

A

The tendency of a though to return to conciseness with greater frequency following suppression.

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18
Q

Ironic Process of Mental Control

A

Ironic errors occur because the mental process that monitors errors can itself produce them.

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19
Q

Dynamic Unconscious

A

An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person ‘s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these.

20
Q

Repression

A

A mental process that removes unacceptable thought and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious.

21
Q

Cognitive Unconscious

A

All the mental process that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choiecs, emotions, and behaviors even though they are not expirences by person.

22
Q

Dual Process Theories

A

Two different systems in our brains for processing; one dedicated to fast, automatic, and unconscious processing; and the other dedicated to slow, effortful, and conscious processing.

23
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.

24
Q

Circadian Rythem

A

A naturally occurring 24-hr cycle.

25
Q

REM Sleep

A

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and high level of brain activity.

26
Q

Insomnia

A

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.

27
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.

28
Q

Somnambulism (sleepwalking)

A

When a person arises and walks around while asleep.

29
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of walking activates.

30
Q

Sleep Paralysis

A

The experience of waking up unable to move.

31
Q

Night Terrors (sleep terrors)

A

Abrupt awakening with panic and intense emotional arousal.

32
Q

Activism-Synthesis Model

A

The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep.

33
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

Chemicals that influence conscious or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system.

34
Q

Drug Tolerance

A

The tendency for larger drug doses to be required over time to achieve the same effect.

35
Q

Physical Dependence

A

The pain, convulsions, hallucinations, or other unpleasant symptoms that accompany withdrawal from drug use.

36
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

A strong desire to return to the drug even when physical withdrawal symptoms are gone.

37
Q

Depressants

A

Substance the reduce the activity of the cental nervous system.

38
Q

Expectancy Theory

A

Alcohol’s effects can be produced by people’s expectation of how alcohol will influence them in particular situation.

39
Q

Alcohol Myopia

A

Alcohol hampers attention, leading people to response in simple ways to complex situations.

40
Q

Stimulants

A

Substance that excites the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity level.

41
Q

Narcotics (opiates)

A

Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain.

42
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.

43
Q

Marijuana (cannibis)

A

A plant whose leaves and buds contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

44
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) makes suggestions that lead to change in another person’s (the participants) subjective experience of the world.

45
Q

Posthypnotic Amnesia

A

The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.

46
Q

Analgesia

A

The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.