Chapter 5 Flashcards
Consciousness
Consciousness
A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Phenomenology
How things seem to the conscious person.
Problem of Other Minds
The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of other.
Expirence
The ability to feel pain, pleasure, hunger, consciousness, anger, or fear.
Agency
The ability for self-control, planning, memory, or thought.
Mind-Body Problem
The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.
Intentionality
The quality of being directed toward an object.
Unity
Resistance to division, or the ability to integrate information from all of the body’s senses into one coherent whole.
Selectivity
The capacity to include some objects but not others.
Cocktail-party Phenomenon
People tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby.
Transience
The tendency to change.
Minimal Consciousness
A low level of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior.
Full Consciousness
Know and are able to report your mental state.
Self-Consciousness
Distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object.
Mental Control
The attempt to change conscious states of mind.
Through Suppression
Conscience avoidance of a thought.
Rebound Effect of Thought Suppression
The tendency of a though to return to conciseness with greater frequency following suppression.
Ironic Process of Mental Control
Ironic errors occur because the mental process that monitors errors can itself produce them.
Dynamic Unconscious
An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person ‘s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these.
Repression
A mental process that removes unacceptable thought and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious.
Cognitive Unconscious
All the mental process that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choiecs, emotions, and behaviors even though they are not expirences by person.
Dual Process Theories
Two different systems in our brains for processing; one dedicated to fast, automatic, and unconscious processing; and the other dedicated to slow, effortful, and conscious processing.
Altered State of Consciousness
A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Circadian Rythem
A naturally occurring 24-hr cycle.
REM Sleep
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and high level of brain activity.
Insomnia
Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.
Sleep Apnea
A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.
Somnambulism (sleepwalking)
When a person arises and walks around while asleep.
Narcolepsy
A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of walking activates.
Sleep Paralysis
The experience of waking up unable to move.
Night Terrors (sleep terrors)
Abrupt awakening with panic and intense emotional arousal.
Activism-Synthesis Model
The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep.
Psychoactive Drugs
Chemicals that influence conscious or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system.
Drug Tolerance
The tendency for larger drug doses to be required over time to achieve the same effect.
Physical Dependence
The pain, convulsions, hallucinations, or other unpleasant symptoms that accompany withdrawal from drug use.
Psychological Dependence
A strong desire to return to the drug even when physical withdrawal symptoms are gone.
Depressants
Substance the reduce the activity of the cental nervous system.
Expectancy Theory
Alcohol’s effects can be produced by people’s expectation of how alcohol will influence them in particular situation.
Alcohol Myopia
Alcohol hampers attention, leading people to response in simple ways to complex situations.
Stimulants
Substance that excites the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity level.
Narcotics (opiates)
Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain.
Hallucinogens
Alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.
Marijuana (cannibis)
A plant whose leaves and buds contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Hypnosis
A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) makes suggestions that lead to change in another person’s (the participants) subjective experience of the world.
Posthypnotic Amnesia
The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.
Analgesia
The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.
