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General Psychology 1410 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

Neuroscience and Behavior

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1
Q

Neurons

A

Cells in the nervous system that communicate with each other to preform information-processing tasks.

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2
Q

Cell Body (Soma)

A

Part of the neuron that coordinates the information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive.

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

Parts of the neuron that receive information from other neurons and relay it to the cell body.

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4
Q

Axon

A

Part of the neuron that carries information to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

An insulating layer of fatty material that supports the cells found in the nervous system.

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6
Q

Synapse

A

The junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another.

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7
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Receive information from the external world and convey this information to the internal the brain via the spinal cord.

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8
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Carry Signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement.

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9
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons.

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10
Q

Action Potential

A

An electric signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron’s axon or synapse.

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11
Q

Terminal Buttons

A

Knoblike structure s at the end of an axon.

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12
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron’s dendrite.

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13
Q

Recptors

A

Parts of the cell membrane that receive neurotransmitters and either initiate or prevent a new electric signal.

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14
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter.

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15
Q

Antagonist

A

Drugs that diminish the function of a neurotransmitter.

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16
Q

Nervous System

A

An interacting network of neurons that conveys information throughout the body.

17
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Composed of the brain and spinal Coard.

18
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Connects the central nervous system to the body’s organs and muscles.

19
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

A set of nerves that conveys information between voluntary muscles and the central nervous system.

20
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

A set of nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs, and glands.

21
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

A set of nerves that prepare the body for action in challenging or threatening situations.

22
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Helps the body return to a normal resting state.

23
Q

Hindbrain

A

An area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord.

24
Q

Medulla

A

An extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration.

25
Q

Cerebellum

A

A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

26
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

The outermost layer of the brain, visible to the naked eye, and divided into two hemispheres.

27
Q

Subcortical Structures

A

Areas of the forebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the center of the brain.

28
Q

Thalamus

A

relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex.

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior.

30
Q

Hippocampus

A

Critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex.

31
Q

Amygdala

A

Plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories.

32
Q

Endocrine System

A

A network of glands that produces secretes hormones, which influence a wide variety of basic functions, including metabolism, growth, and sexual development.

33
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

The “master gland” of the body’s hormone-producing system, which releases hormones that direct the function of many other glands in the body.

34
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Secretes melatonin, influencing the sleep-wake cycle.

35
Q

Corpus Callosusm

A

A thick band of nerve fibers that connects large areas of the cerebral cortex on each side of the brain and supports communication of information across hemispheres.

36
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Process visual information.

37
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Responsible for hearing and language.

38
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Processing information about touch.

39
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement.

General Psychology 1410 (5 decks)

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