Chapter 1 Flashcards
The Evolution of Psychological Science
Philosophical Dualism
The view that the mind and body are fundamentally different things.
Philosophical Materialism
The view that all mental phenomena are reducible to physical phenomena.
Philosophical Realism
The view that perception of the physical world are produced entirely by the information from the sensory organs.
Philosophical Idealism
The view that perceptions of the physical world are the brain’s interpretations of information from the sensory organs.
Philosophical Empiricism
The view that all knowledge is acquired through experience.
Philosophical Nativism
The view that some knowledge is innate rather than acquired.
Structuralism
An approach to psychology that attempts to isolate and analyze the minds basic elements.
Introspection
The analysis of subjective experience by trained observers.
Functionalism
An approach to psychology that emphasizes the adaptive significance of mental processes.
Psychoanalytic Theory
A general theory that emphasizes the influence of the unconscious on feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
Behaviorism
An approach to psychology that restricts scientific inquiry to observable behavior.
Gestalt Psychology
An approach to psychology that emphasizes the way in which the mind creates perceptual experience.
Developmental Psychology
The study of the way in which psychological phenomena change over the life span.
Social Psychology
The study of the cause and consequences of sociality.
Cognitive Psychology
The study of human information processing.
